[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2019-rezetko-currents-historical-linguistics-linguistic-dating/)

[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [docs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/) / [papers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/) / [Ancient Hebrew](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo/) / Currents in the Historical Linguistics and Linguistic Dating of the Hebrew Bible: Report on the State of Research as Reflected in Recent Major Publications

# Currents in the Historical Linguistics and Linguistic Dating of the Hebrew Bible: Report on the State of Research as Reflected in Recent Major Publications

**Authors:** [Robert Rezetko](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/robert-rezetko/), [Ian Young](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/ian-young/) · **Year:** 2019 · **Venue:** HIPHIL Novum 5(1), 3– **Link:** [tidsskrift.dk/hiphilnovum/article/view/142167](https://tidsskrift.dk/hiphilnovum/article/view/142167) · **Licence:** copyrighted — summary only (free to read, no CC licence)

[**0** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391938574) openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14[HIPHIL Novum 5](https://openalex.org/S5406958382)[licence](https://tidsskrift.dk/hiphilnovum/about)

- [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.7146/hn.v5i1.142167)
- [PDF](https://tidsskrift.dk/hiphilnovum/article/download/142167/185858)
- [DOI 10.7146/hn.v5i1.142167](https://doi.org/10.7146/hn.v5i1.142167)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4391938574)

**Authors (2)**

1. [Robert Rezetko](https://openalex.org/A5039983970) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2606-6182) · h 8 · 261 citations · 52 works
2. [Ian Young](https://openalex.org/A5083749208) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1799-899X) · h 11 · 489 citations · 48 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex-snapshot (2026-10-14); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

A long review essay of about 34 studies (2015–2018) on the history of Biblical Hebrew and on dating biblical books by their language, with a bibliography for those years. The authors judge each by research aims, view of the sources (textual and literary history, the "original" text, defence of the MT), how variation is documented, and periodisation (archaic, classical, transitional, late; Qumran; Mishnaic). Their main charges: most arguments rest on selected examples rather than complete counts of all variants of a variable (the "principle of accountability"); "late" features are sporadic, not systematic, and are not agreed on; groups of books are compared instead of single compositions; S-curves are used as a dating tool rather than an illustration. Their stated view is that the Bible shows much variation and change in progress but almost no completed change, so historical linguistics yes, linguistic dating of books no.

## Ideas

- I1. Count every variable completely, with zero contexts: when the manual says a form is "late" or "rare" (e.g. אֲנִי vs אָנֹכִי, ־וֹת vs ־ֹת spellings, the object suffix on the verb vs on אֵת), give the count of each variant over all contexts where either could stand, per book, not examples.
- I2. Report per composition, never only per group: chapter 12's book-by-book counts should keep Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy apart, and say when a difference is within the spread between books.
- I3. In chapter 12 present linguistic dating as disputed: give the Hurvitz criteria and this critique side by side, and mark Mova's counts as describing variation, not dating.

## For Mova

I1 and I2 are a method for [12. Biblical, Mishnaic and Modern Hebrew compared](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/12-biblical-mishnaic-modern/) and `04-noun.md`/`05-pronouns-particles.md` wherever a variant is called late or rare; the counts can come from a small `macula` count over the trees (variant × book with total contexts). I3 is a paragraph for the dating debate in chapter 12.

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.7146/hn.v5i1.142167](https://doi.org/10.7146/hn.v5i1.142167)

```
@inproceedings{rezetko2019currents,
  title = {{Currents in the Historical Linguistics and Linguistic Dating of the Hebrew Bible: Report on the State of Research as Reflected in Recent Major Publications}},
  author = {Rezetko, Robert and Young, Ian},
  booktitle = {HIPHIL Novum 5},
  year = {2019},
  doi = {10.7146/hn.v5i1.142167},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7146/hn.v5i1.142167}
}
```

- [← previous Towards a Common Aim and Framework for Tools and Research in Support of Bible Translation and Biblical Language Online Learning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2019-o-rear-towards-common-aim-framework-tools/)
- [next → Adapting Digital Biblical Resources for Translation and Teaching: Harvesting low-hanging fruit and growing next generation resources](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2019-robie-adapting-digital-biblical-resources-translation/)
- [↑ back to Ancient Hebrew](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo/)

## References

92 references, 6 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Hornkohl, A. D. “Transitional Biblical Hebrew,” in A Handbook of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1: Periods, Corpora, and Reading Traditions; Volume 2: Selected Texts (ed. W. R. Garr and S. E. Fassberg; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2016), 31–42. [↗](https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv18r6rnv.6)
2. Hornkohl, A. D. “All Is Not Lost: Linguistic Periodization in the Face of Textual and Literary Pluriformity,” in Advances in Biblical Hebrew Linguistics: Data, Methods, and Analyses (ed. A. Moshavi and T. Notarius; LSAWS, 12; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017), 53–80. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hornkohl%2C+A%2E+D%2E+%E2%80%9CAll+Is+Not+Lost%3A+Linguistic+Periodization+in+the+Face+of+Textual+and+Literary+Pluriformity%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Advances+in+Biblical+Hebrew+Linguistics%3A+Data%2C+Methods%2C+and+Analyses+%28ed%2E+A%2E+Moshavi+an)
3. Hornkohl, A. D. “Diachronic Exceptions in the Comparison of Tiberian and Qumran Hebrew: The Preservation of Early Linguistic Features in Dead Sea Scrolls Biblical Hebrew,” in The Reconfiguration of Hebrew in the Hellenistic Period: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira at Strasbourg University, June 2014 (ed. J. Joosten, D. Machiela, and J.-S. Rey; STDJ, 124; Leiden: Brill, 2018), 61–92. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004366770_006)
4. Hornkohl, A. D. “Biblical Hebrew Periodization,” in Textual History of the Hebrew Bible, Volume 3: A Companion to Textual Criticism (ed. A. Lange and E. Tov; Leiden: Brill, forthcoming; digital version accessed online at [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com](https://referenceworks.brillonline.com) on 17/11/2018). [↗](https://referenceworks.brillonline.com)
5. Hornkohl, A. D. “Notes on the Linguistic Profile of Select Reworked Bible Material,” in Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Ben Sira, and Related Fields: New Aspects of the Texts and Language of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Jerusalem, June 26–29, 2016 (ed. S. Fassberg; STDJ; Leiden: Brill, forthcoming). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hornkohl%2C+A%2E+D%2E+%E2%80%9CNotes+on+the+Linguistic+Profile+of+Select+Reworked+Bible+Material%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Proceedings+of+the+Eighth+International+Symposium+on+the+Hebrew+of+the+Dead+Sea+Scrolls%2C+Ben+Sira%2C+and+Related+F)
6. Hurvitz, A. “How Biblical Hebrew Changed,” BAR 42 (September/October 2016), 37–40, 62 ([https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/42/5/4](https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/42/5/4)). [↗](https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/42/5/4)
7. Hurvitz, A. From Genesis to Chronicles: Chapters in the Linguistic History of Biblical Hebrew (Hebrew; Asupot, 15; Jerusalem: Mosad Bialik, 2017). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hurvitz%2C+A%2E+From+Genesis+to+Chronicles%3A+Chapters+in+the+Linguistic+History+of+Biblical+Hebrew+%28Hebrew%3B+Asupot%2C+15%3B+Jerusalem%3A+Mosad+Bialik%2C+2017%29%2E)
8. Jacobs, J. “The Balance of Probability: A Statistically Based Analysis of the Linguistic Character of the ‘Biblical’ Dead Sea Scrolls” (PhD thesis, University of Manchester, 2015). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jacobs%2C+J%2E+%E2%80%9CThe+Balance+of+Probability%3A+A+Statistically+Based+Analysis+of+the+Linguistic+Character+of+the+%E2%80%98Biblical%E2%80%99+Dead+Sea+Scrolls%E2%80%9D+%28PhD+thesis%2C+University+of+Manchester%2C+2015%29%2E)
9. Jacobs, J. “The Balance of Probability: Statistics and the Diachronic Study of Ancient Hebrew,” JSem 25 (2016): 927–960. [↗](https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2562)
10. Jacobs, J. “Review of Aaron D. Hornkohl, Ancient Hebrew Periodization and the Language of the Book of Jeremiah: The Case for a Sixth-Century Date of Composition,” JSS 61 (2016): 567– 568. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jacobs%2C+J%2E+%E2%80%9CReview+of+Aaron+D%2E+Hornkohl%2C+Ancient+Hebrew+Periodization+and+the+Language+of+the+Book+of+Jeremiah%3A+The+Case+for+a+Sixth%2DCentury+Date+of+Composition%2C%E2%80%9D+JSS+61+%282016%29%3A+567%E2%80%93+568%2E)
11. Jacobs, J. Statistics, Linguistics, and the “Biblical” Dead Sea Scrolls (JSSSup, 40; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jacobs%2C+J%2E+Statistics%2C+Linguistics%2C+and+the+%E2%80%9CBiblical%E2%80%9D+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+%28JSSSup%2C+40%3B+Oxford%3A+Oxford+University+Press%2C+2018%29%2E)
12. Jones, E. A., III. Reading Ruth in the Restoration Period: A Call for Inclusion (LHBOTS, 604; London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2016), esp. 121–126. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jones%2C+E%2E+A%2E%2C+III%2E+Reading+Ruth+in+the+Restoration+Period%3A+A+Call+for+Inclusion+%28LHBOTS%2C+604%3B+London%3A+Bloomsbury+T%26T+Clark%2C+2016%29%2C+esp%2E+121%E2%80%93126%2E)
13. Joosten, J. “The Tiberian Vocalization and the Edition of the Hebrew Bible Text,” in Making the Biblical Text: Textual Studies in the Hebrew and Greek Bible (ed. I. Himbaza; OBO, 275; Publications of the Institute Dominique Barthélemy, 1; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht/Academic, 2015), 19–32. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Joosten%2C+J%2E+%E2%80%9CThe+Tiberian+Vocalization+and+the+Edition+of+the+Hebrew+Bible+Text%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Making+the+Biblical+Text%3A+Textual+Studies+in+the+Hebrew+and+Greek+Bible+%28ed%2E+I%2E+Himbaza%3B+OBO%2C+275%3B+Publications+of+)
14. Joosten, J. “Diachronic Linguistics and the Date of the Pentateuch,” in The Formation of the Pentateuch: Bridging the Academic Cultures of Europe, Israel, and North America (ed. J. C. Gertz, B. M. Levinson, D. Rom-Shiloni, and K. Schmid; FAT, 111; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016), 327–344. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Joosten%2C+J%2E+%E2%80%9CDiachronic+Linguistics+and+the+Date+of+the+Pentateuch%2C%E2%80%9D+in+The+Formation+of+the+Pentateuch%3A+Bridging+the+Academic+Cultures+of+Europe%2C+Israel%2C+and+North+America+%28ed%2E+J%2E+C%2E+Gertz%2C+B%2E+M%2E+Lev)
15. Joosten, J. “The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls,” in A Handbook of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1: Periods, Corpora, and Reading Traditions; Volume 2: Selected Texts (ed. W. R. Garr and S. E. Fassberg; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2016), 83–97. [↗](https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv18r6rnv.10)
16. Joosten, J. “Pseudo-Classicisms in Late Biblical Hebrew,” ZAW 128 (2016): 16–29. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2016-0003)
17. Joosten, J. “Late Biblical Hebrew and Qumran Hebrew: A Diachronic View,” in The Reconfiguration of Hebrew in the Hellenistic Period: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira at Strasbourg University, June 2014 (ed. J. Joosten, D. Machiela, and J.-S. Rey; STDJ, 124; Leiden: Brill, 2018), 93–103. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004366770_007)
18. Joosten, J., D. Machiela, and J.-S. Rey (eds.). The Reconfiguration of Hebrew in the Hellenistic Period: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira at Strasbourg University, June 2014 (STDJ, 124; Leiden: Brill, 2018). (Five of the papers announced in the original conference program were not published in this volume [Bons, Koller, Qimron, Schorch, Van Hecke].) [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Joosten%2C+J%2E%2C+D%2E+Machiela%2C+and+J%2E%2DS%2E+Rey+%28eds%2E%29%2E+The+Reconfiguration+of+Hebrew+in+the+Hellenistic+Period%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Seventh+International+Symposium+on+the+Hebrew+of+the+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+and+Be)
19. Kaajan, M. E. “Syntactic Variation in Phrase Structure in Biblical Hebrew” (PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, in preparation). Kim, D.-H. “Recent Debates on the Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts: A Survey of Scholarship” (in Korean), Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies 21 (2015): 213–243 ([http://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/landing/article.kci?arti_id=ART001977236](http://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/landing/article.kci?arti_id=ART001977236)). [↗](http://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/landing/article.kci?arti_id=ART001977236)
20. Kim, D.-H. “Review of Aaron D. Hornkohl, Ancient Hebrew Periodization and the Language of the Book of Jeremiah: The Case for a Sixth-Century Date of Composition,” RBL 3 (2016): 1–9 ([https://www.bookreviews.org/pdf/9883_10929.pdf](https://www.bookreviews.org/pdf/9883_10929.pdf)). [↗](https://www.bookreviews.org/pdf/9883_10929.pdf)
21. Klein, J. S. “Historical Linguistics and Ancient Religious Texts,” paper delivered in the session “Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew” at the annual meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature, in conjunction with the National Association of Professors of Hebrew, Atlanta, 23 November 2015. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Klein%2C+J%2E+S%2E+%E2%80%9CHistorical+Linguistics+and+Ancient+Religious+Texts%2C%E2%80%9D+paper+delivered+in+the+session+%E2%80%9CLinguistics+and+Biblical+Hebrew%E2%80%9D+at+the+annual+meeting+of+the+Society+of+Biblical+Literature%2C+in+conj)
22. Klein, J. S. “Historical Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew: An Indo-Europeanist’s View,” JSem 25 (2016): 865–880. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Klein%2C+J%2E+S%2E+%E2%80%9CHistorical+Linguistics+and+Biblical+Hebrew%3A+An+Indo%2DEuropeanist%E2%80%99s+View%2C%E2%80%9D+JSem+25+%282016%29%3A+865%E2%80%93880%2E)
23. Kogan, L. “Semitic Etymology in a Biblical Hebrew Lexicon: The Limits of Usefulness,” in Biblical Lexicology: Hebrew and Greek Semantics, Exegesis, Translation (ed. E. Bons, J. Joosten, and R. Hunziker-Rodewald; BZAW, 443; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015), 93–102. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110312164-005)
24. Koller, A. “Present and Future of the Hebrew Past: On William M. Schniedewind’s A Social History of Hebrew,” Marginalia: A Los Angeles Review of Books (June 23, 2015) ([http://marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org/present-and-future-of-the-hebrew-past-by-aaron-koller](http://marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org/present-and-future-of-the-hebrew-past-by-aaron-koller)). [↗](http://marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org/present-and-future-of-the-hebrew-past-by-aaron-koller)
25. Koller, A. “The Social and Geographic Origins of Mishnaic Hebrew,” in Studies in Mishnaic Hebrew and Related Fields: Proceedings of the Yale Symposium on Mishnaic Hebrew, May 2014 (eds. E. A. Bar-Asher Siegal and A. J. Koller; Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Yale: Yale University, 2017), 149–173. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Koller%2C+A%2E+%E2%80%9CThe+Social+and+Geographic+Origins+of+Mishnaic+Hebrew%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Studies+in+Mishnaic+Hebrew+and+Related+Fields%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Yale+Symposium+on+Mishnaic+Hebrew%2C+May+2014+%28eds%2E+E%2E+A%2E+Bar%2DAshe)
26. Korchin, P. “Glimpsing Archaic Biblical Hebrew through Thetical Grammar,” HS 58 (2017): 49–79. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.2017.0003)
27. Lam, J. and D. Pardee. “Standard/Classical Biblical Hebrew,” in A Handbook of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1: Periods, Corpora, and Reading Traditions; Volume 2: Selected Texts (ed. W. R. Garr and S. E. Fassberg; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2016), 1–18. [↗](https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv18r6rnv.4)
28. Lange, A. “Ancient and Late Ancient Manuscript Evidence [of Samuel–Kings],” in Textual History of the Bible, Volume 1B: Pentateuch, Former and Latter Prophets (ed. A. Lange and E. Tov; Leiden: Brill, 2017), 319–332. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lange%2C+A%2E+%E2%80%9CAncient+and+Late+Ancient+Manuscript+Evidence+%5Bof+Samuel%E2%80%93Kings%5D%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Textual+History+of+the+Bible%2C+Volume+1B%3A+Pentateuch%2C+Former+and+Latter+Prophets+%28ed%2E+A%2E+Lange+and+E%2E+Tov%3B+Leiden%3A+Brill%2C+)
29. Locatell, C. “Grammatical Polysemy and Grammaticalization in Cognitive and Generative Perspectives: Finding Common Ground in Inter-Generational Corpora of Ancient Languages,” Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics 48 (2017): 239–253. [↗](https://doi.org/10.5774/48-0-294)
30. Loder, C. W. “An ‘I’ For an ‘I’: The First-Person, Common, Singular Pronoun in Biblical Hebrew” (MA thesis, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 2016). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Loder%2C+C%2E+W%2E+%E2%80%9CAn+%E2%80%98I%E2%80%99+For+an+%E2%80%98I%E2%80%99%3A+The+First%2DPerson%2C+Common%2C+Singular+Pronoun+in+Biblical+Hebrew%E2%80%9D+%28MA+thesis%2C+Rutgers%2C+The+State+University+of+New+Jersey%2C+2016%29%2E)
31. Lundberg, J. M. “Long or Short? The Use of Long and Short Wayyiqṭols in Biblical, Parabiblical and Commentary Scrolls from Qumran,” in Studies in Semitic Linguistics and Manuscripts: A Liber Discipulorum in Honour of Professor Geoffrey Khan (ed. N. Vidro, R. Vollandt, E.-M. Wagner, and J. Olszowy-Schlanger; AAUSSU, 30; Uppsala: Uppsala University, 2018), 57–74. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lundberg%2C+J%2E+M%2E+%E2%80%9CLong+or+Short%3F+The+Use+of+Long+and+Short+Wayyiq%E1%B9%ADols+in+Biblical%2C+Parabiblical+and+Commentary+Scrolls+from+Qumran%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Studies+in+Semitic+Linguistics+and+Manuscripts%3A+A+Liber+Discipulo)
32. Machiela, D. “The Hebrew of Tobit in 4Q200: A Contextual Reassessment,” in The Reconfiguration of Hebrew in the Hellenistic Period: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira at Strasbourg University, June 2014 (ed. J. Joosten, D. Machiela, and J.-S. Rey; STDJ, 124; Leiden: Brill, 2018), 104–122. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004366770_008)
33. Merwe, C. H. J. van der. “How ‘Direct’ Can a Direct Translation Be? Some Perspectives from the Realities of a New Type of Church Bible,” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 72 (2016), 11 pages (http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i3.3233). [↗](https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i3.3233)
34. Middlemas, J. “Dating Esther: Historicity and the Provenance ofMasoretic Esther,” in On Dating Biblical Texts to the Persian Period: Discerning Criteria and Establishing Epochs (ed. R. J. Bautch and M. Lackowski; FAT II, 101; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019), 149–168. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Middlemas%2C+J%2E+%E2%80%9CDating+Esther%3A+Historicity+and+the+Provenance+ofMasoretic+Esther%2C%E2%80%9D+in+On+Dating+Biblical+Texts+to+the+Persian+Period%3A+Discerning+Criteria+and+Establishing+Epochs+%28ed%2E+R%2E+J%2E+Bautch+and+M)
35. Mizrahi, N. “Kings or Messengers? The Text of 2 Samuel 11:1 in the Light of Hebrew Historical Phonology,” ZAH 25–28 (2012–2015): 57–83. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mizrahi%2C+N%2E+%E2%80%9CKings+or+Messengers%3F+The+Text+of+2+Samuel+11%3A1+in+the+Light+of+Hebrew+Historical+Phonology%2C%E2%80%9D+ZAH+25%E2%80%9328+%282012%E2%80%932015%29%3A+57%E2%80%9383%2E)
36. Mizrahi, N. “A Matter of Choice: A Sociolinguistic Perspective on the Contact between Hebrew and Aramaic, with Special Attention to Jeremiah 10.1–16,” in Discourse, Dialogue and Debate in the Bible: Essays in Honour of Frank H. Polak (ed. A. Brenner-Idan; Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix, 2014), 107–124. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mizrahi%2C+N%2E+%E2%80%9CA+Matter+of+Choice%3A+A+Sociolinguistic+Perspective+on+the+Contact+between+Hebrew+and+Aramaic%2C+with+Special+Attention+to+Jeremiah+10%2E1%E2%80%9316%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Discourse%2C+Dialogue+and+Debate+in+the+Bible%3A+E)
37. Mizrahi, N. “Textual History through the Prism of Historical Linguistics: The Case of Biblical Hebrew z-m-r,” in From Author to Copyist: Essays on the Composition, Redaction, and Transmission of the Hebrew Bible in Honor of Zipi Talshir (ed. C. Werman; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015), 201–222. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/9781575063638-017)
38. Mizrahi, N. “The Numeral 11 and the Linguistic Dating of P,” in The Formation of the Pentateuch: Bridging the Academic Cultures of Europe, Israel, and North America (ed. J. C. Gertz, B. M. Levinson, D. Rom-Shiloni, and K. Schmid; FAT, 111; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016), 371– 389. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mizrahi%2C+N%2E+%E2%80%9CThe+Numeral+11+and+the+Linguistic+Dating+of+P%2C%E2%80%9D+in+The+Formation+of+the+Pentateuch%3A+Bridging+the+Academic+Cultures+of+Europe%2C+Israel%2C+and+North+America+%28ed%2E+J%2E+C%2E+Gertz%2C+B%2E+M%2E+Levinson%2C+D)
39. Mizrahi, N. “Linguistic Change through the Prism of Textual Transmission: The Case of Exod 12:9,” in Advances in Biblical Hebrew Linguistics: Data, Methods, and Analyses (ed. A. Moshavi and T. Notarius; LSAWS, 12; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017), 27–52. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mizrahi%2C+N%2E+%E2%80%9CLinguistic+Change+through+the+Prism+of+Textual+Transmission%3A+The+Case+of+Exod+12%3A9%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Advances+in+Biblical+Hebrew+Linguistics%3A+Data%2C+Methods%2C+and+Analyses+%28ed%2E+A%2E+Moshavi+and+T%2E+Notariu)
40. Mizrahi, N. “רשב ימכת ‘Body Parts’: The Semantic History of A Qumran Hebrew Lexeme,” in The Reconfiguration of Hebrew in the Hellenistic Period: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira at Strasbourg University, June 2014 (ed. J. Joosten, D. Machiela, and J.-S. Rey; STDJ, 124; Leiden: Brill, 2018), 123–157. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mizrahi%2C+N%2E+%E2%80%9C%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%91+%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA+%E2%80%98Body+Parts%E2%80%99%3A+The+Semantic+History+of+A+Qumran+Hebrew+Lexeme%2C%E2%80%9D+in+The+Reconfiguration+of+Hebrew+in+the+Hellenistic+Period%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Seventh+International+Symposium+on+t)
41. Mor, U. “Prepositional Predicates with Nominalized Subjects in Classical Hebrew,” HS 58 (2017): 25–46. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.2017.0001)
42. Morgenstern, M. “Late Biblical Hebrew,” in A Handbook of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1: Periods, Corpora, and Reading Traditions; Volume 2: Selected Texts (ed. W. R. Garr and S. E. Fassberg; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2016), 43–54. [↗](https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv18r6rnv.7)
43. Moshavi, A. and T. Notarius. “Biblical Hebrew Linguistics: Perspectives on Data and Method,” in Advances in Biblical Hebrew Linguistics: Data, Methods, and Analyses (ed. A. Moshavi and T. Notarius; LSAWS, 12; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017), 1–24. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Moshavi%2C+A%2E+and+T%2E+Notarius%2E+%E2%80%9CBiblical+Hebrew+Linguistics%3A+Perspectives+on+Data+and+Method%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Advances+in+Biblical+Hebrew+Linguistics%3A+Data%2C+Methods%2C+and+Analyses+%28ed%2E+A%2E+Moshavi+and+T%2E+Notarius%3B+LS)
44. Moshavi, A. and T. Notarius (eds.). Advances in Biblical Hebrew Linguistics: Data, Methods, and Analyses (LSAWS, 12; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Moshavi%2C+A%2E+and+T%2E+Notarius+%28eds%2E%29%2E+Advances+in+Biblical+Hebrew+Linguistics%3A+Data%2C+Methods%2C+and+Analyses+%28LSAWS%2C+12%3B+Winona+Lake%2C+IN%3A+Eisenbrauns%2C+2017%29%2E)
45. Muraoka, T. “Linguistically Significant Variants in Qumran Fragments of Psalms,” in The Reconfiguration of Hebrew in the Hellenistic Period: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira at Strasbourg University, June 2014 (ed. J. Joosten, D. Machiela, and J.-S. Rey; STDJ, 124; Leiden: Brill, 2018), 158–172. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004366770_010)
46. Naaijer, M. “Clause Structure Variation in Biblical Hebrew: A Quantitative Approach” (PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, in preparation). Naaijer, M. and D. Roorda. “Parallel Texts in the Hebrew Bible, New Methods and Visualizations,” HAL 2016 ([https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01283051](https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01283051)). [↗](https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01283051) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2016-naaijer-parallel-texts-hebrew-bible-new/)
47. Naaijer, M. and D. Roorda. “Syntactic Variation in Masoretic Hebrew, The Object Clause Reconsidered,” JSem 25 (2016): 961–971. [↗](https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2566) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2017-naaijer-syntactic-variation-masoretic-hebrew-object/)
48. Naudé, J. A. and C. L. Miller-Naudé. “The Contribution of Qumran to Historical Hebrew Linguistics: Evidence from the Syntax of Participial Negation,” HTS 72 (2016), 10 pages (http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i4.3150). [↗](https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i4.3150) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2016-naude-contribution-qumran-historical-hebrew-linguistics/)
49. Naudé, J. A. and C. L. Miller-Naudé. “Historical Linguistics, Editorial Theory, and Biblical Hebrew: The Current State of the Debate,” JSem 25 (2016): 833–864. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Naud%C3%A9%2C+J%2E+A%2E+and+C%2E+L%2E+Miller%2DNaud%C3%A9%2E+%E2%80%9CHistorical+Linguistics%2C+Editorial+Theory%2C+and+Biblical+Hebrew%3A+The+Current+State+of+the+Debate%2C%E2%80%9D+JSem+25+%282016%29%3A+833%E2%80%93864%2E)
50. Naudé, J. A. and C. L. Miller-Naudé (eds.). “Historical Linguistics: SBL/NAPH 2015 Session Articles: Editing the Hebrew Bible and Historical Linguistics,” JSem 25 (2016): 833–1103. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Naud%C3%A9%2C+J%2E+A%2E+and+C%2E+L%2E+Miller%2DNaud%C3%A9+%28eds%2E%29%2E+%E2%80%9CHistorical+Linguistics%3A+SBL%2FNAPH+2015+Session+Articles%3A+Editing+the+Hebrew+Bible+and+Historical+Linguistics%2C%E2%80%9D+JSem+25+%282016%29%3A+833%E2%80%931103%2E)
51. Naudé, J. and C. Miller-Naudé. “The Evolution of Biblical Hebrew Linguistics in South Africa: The Last 60 Years,” OTE 31 (2018): 12–41. [↗](https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2018/v31n1a3) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2018-naude-evolution-biblical-hebrew-linguistics-south/)
52. Nilsen, T. D. The Origins of Deuteronomy 32: Intertextuality, Memory, Identity (New York: Peter Lang, 2018), esp. 9, 17 nn. 11–16, 136–139, 163–164 nn. 416. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nilsen%2C+T%2E+D%2E+The+Origins+of+Deuteronomy+32%3A+Intertextuality%2C+Memory%2C+Identity+%28New+York%3A+Peter+Lang%2C+2018%29%2C+esp%2E+9%2C+17+nn%2E+11%E2%80%9316%2C+136%E2%80%93139%2C+163%E2%80%93164+nn%2E+416%2E)
53. Nodet, É. “Review of R. Rezetko and I. Young, Historical Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew: Steps Toward an Integrated Approach,” RB 123 (2016): 473–474. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nodet%2C+%C3%89%2E+%E2%80%9CReview+of+R%2E+Rezetko+and+I%2E+Young%2C+Historical+Linguistics+and+Biblical+Hebrew%3A+Steps+Toward+an+Integrated+Approach%2C%E2%80%9D+RB+123+%282016%29%3A+473%E2%80%93474%2E)
54. Noonan, B. J. “Egyptian Loanwords as Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus and Wilderness Traditions,” in “Did I Not Bring Israel Out of Egypt?” Biblical, Archaeological, and Egyptological Perspectives on the Exodus Narratives (ed. J. K. Hoffmeier, A. R. Millard, and G. A. Rendsburg; BBRSup, 13; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2016), 49–67. [↗](https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv1bxgxxt.7)
55. Noonan, B. J. Non-Semitic Loanwords in the Hebrew Bible: A Lexicon of Language Contact (LSAWS, 14; University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns, 2019). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Noonan%2C+B%2E+J%2E+Non%2DSemitic+Loanwords+in+the+Hebrew+Bible%3A+A+Lexicon+of+Language+Contact+%28LSAWS%2C+14%3B+University+Park%2C+PA%3A+Eisenbrauns%2C+2019%29%2E)
56. Noonan, B. J. “Daniel’s Greek Loanwords in Dialectal Perspective,” BBR 28 (2018): 575–603. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Noonan%2C+B%2E+J%2E+%E2%80%9CDaniel%E2%80%99s+Greek+Loanwords+in+Dialectal+Perspective%2C%E2%80%9D+BBR+28+%282018%29%3A+575%E2%80%93603%2E)
57. Notarius, T. “Lexical Isoglosses of Archaic Hebrew: םי לי ִ ל ִ פ ְּ (Deut 32:31) and ן כ ֵּ (Judg 5:15) as Case Studies,” HS 58 (2017): 81–97. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Notarius%2C+T%2E+%E2%80%9CLexical+Isoglosses+of+Archaic+Hebrew%3A+%D7%9D%D7%99+%D7%9C%D7%99+%D6%B4+%D7%9C+%D6%B4+%D7%A4+%D6%BC%D6%B0+%28Deut+32%3A31%29+and+%D7%9F+%D7%9B+%D6%BC%D6%B5+%28Judg+5%3A15%29+as+Case+Studies%2C%E2%80%9D+HS+58+%282017%29%3A+81%E2%80%9397%2E)
58. Notarius, T. “The Second-Person Non-Negated Jussive in Biblical Hebrew and Ancient Northwest Semitic,” in Advances in Biblical Hebrew Linguistics: Data, Methods, and Analyses (ed. A. Moshavi and T. Notarius; LSAWS, 12; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017), 125–149. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Notarius%2C+T%2E+%E2%80%9CThe+Second%2DPerson+Non%2DNegated+Jussive+in+Biblical+Hebrew+and+Ancient+Northwest+Semitic%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Advances+in+Biblical+Hebrew+Linguistics%3A+Data%2C+Methods%2C+and+Analyses+%28ed%2E+A%2E+Moshavi+and+T%2E+No)
59. Notarius, T. “Just a Little Bend on the S-Curve: The Rise and Fall of Linguistic Change in Post-Classical Biblical Hebrew,” SJOT 32 (2018): 201–216. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2018.1470846)
60. Novick, T. “Rhetorical Markers in A Fortiori Argumentation in Biblical and Post-Biblical Hebrew,” in The Reconfiguration of Hebrew in the Hellenistic Period: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira at Strasbourg University, June 2014 (ed. J. Joosten, D. Machiela, and J.-S. Rey; STDJ, 124; Leiden: Brill, 2018), 173–188. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004366770_011)
61. Oosting, R. “Computer-Assisted Analysis of Old Testament Texts: The Contribution of the WIVU to Old Testament Scholarship,” in The Present State of Old Testament Studies in the Low Countries: A Collection of Old Testament Studies Published on the Occasion of the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Oudtestamentisch Werkgezelschap (ed. K. Spronk; OTS, 69; Leiden: Brill, 2016), 192–209. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Oosting%2C+R%2E+%E2%80%9CComputer%2DAssisted+Analysis+of+Old+Testament+Texts%3A+The+Contribution+of+the+WIVU+to+Old+Testament+Scholarship%2C%E2%80%9D+in+The+Present+State+of+Old+Testament+Studies+in+the+Low+Countries%3A+A+Collec)
62. Oosting, R. “Changes of Syntactic Patterns in the Textual Tradition of the Book of Isaiah: A Corpus-Linguistic Approach,” HIPHIL Novum 4 (2017): 13–22 [↗](https://doi.org/10.7146/hn.v4i1.142164) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2017-oosting-changes-syntactic-patterns-textual-tradition/)
63. ([https://www.hiphil.org/index.php/hiphil/article/view/4](https://www.hiphil.org/index.php/hiphil/article/view/4)). Oosting, R. and J. Dyk. “Valence Patterns of Motion Verbs: Syntax, Semantics, and Linguistic Variation,” JNSL 43 (2017): 63–85. [↗](https://www.hiphil.org/index.php/hiphil/article/view/4)
64. Pat-El, N. “Israelian Hebrew: A Re-Evaluation,” VT 67 (2017): 1–37. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341269)
65. Penner, K. M. The Verbal System of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in Qumran Hebrew Texts (SSN, 64; Leiden: Brill, 2015). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Penner%2C+K%2E+M%2E+The+Verbal+System+of+the+Dead+Sea+Scrolls%3A+Tense%2C+Aspect%2C+and+Modality+in+Qumran+Hebrew+Texts+%28SSN%2C+64%3B+Leiden%3A+Brill%2C+2015%29%2E)
66. Person, R. F., Jr. “Text Criticism as a Lens for Understanding the Transmission of Ancient Texts in Their Oral Environments,” in Contextualizing Israel’s Sacred Writings: Ancient Literacy, Orality, and Literary Production (ed. B. B. Schmidt; AIL, 22; Atlanta: SBL Press, 2015), 197– 215. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Person%2C+R%2E+F%2E%2C+Jr%2E+%E2%80%9CText+Criticism+as+a+Lens+for+Understanding+the+Transmission+of+Ancient+Texts+in+Their+Oral+Environments%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Contextualizing+Israel%E2%80%99s+Sacred+Writings%3A+Ancient+Literacy%2C+Orality%2C+an)
67. Person, R. F., Jr. “The Problem of ‘Literary Unity’ from the Perspective of the Study of Oral Traditions,” in Empirical Models Challenging Biblical Criticism (ed. R. F. Person, Jr. and R. Rezetko; AIL, 25; Atlanta: SBL Press, 2016), 217–237. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Person%2C+R%2E+F%2E%2C+Jr%2E+%E2%80%9CThe+Problem+of+%E2%80%98Literary+Unity%E2%80%99+from+the+Perspective+of+the+Study+of+Oral+Traditions%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Empirical+Models+Challenging+Biblical+Criticism+%28ed%2E+R%2E+F%2E+Person%2C+Jr%2E+and+R%2E+Rezetko%3B+AIL)
68. Person, R. F., Jr. “Sociolinguistics,” in The Dictionary of the Bible and Ancient Media (ed. T. Thatcher, C. Keith, R. F. Person, Jr., and E. Stern; London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2017), 369– 371. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Person%2C+R%2E+F%2E%2C+Jr%2E+%E2%80%9CSociolinguistics%2C%E2%80%9D+in+The+Dictionary+of+the+Bible+and+Ancient+Media+%28ed%2E+T%2E+Thatcher%2C+C%2E+Keith%2C+R%2E+F%2E+Person%2C+Jr%2E%2C+and+E%2E+Stern%3B+London%3A+Bloomsbury+T%26T+Clark%2C+2017%29%2C+369%E2%80%93+371%2E)
69. Person, R. F., Jr. and R. Rezetko. “Introduction: The Importance of Empirical Models to Assess the Efficacy of Source and Redaction Criticism,” in Empirical Models Challenging Biblical Criticism (ed. R. F. Person, Jr. and R. Rezetko; AIL, 25; Atlanta: SBL Press, 2016), 1–35. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Person%2C+R%2E+F%2E%2C+Jr%2E+and+R%2E+Rezetko%2E+%E2%80%9CIntroduction%3A+The+Importance+of+Empirical+Models+to+Assess+the+Efficacy+of+Source+and+Redaction+Criticism%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Empirical+Models+Challenging+Biblical+Criticism+%28ed%2E+)
70. Petersson, L. “The Syntactic Pattern Qtol → Wəyiqtol and the Expression of Indirect Command in Biblical Hebrew,” in Advances in Biblical Hebrew Linguistics: Data, Methods, and Analyses (ed. A. Moshavi and T. Notarius; LSAWS, 12; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017), 271–295. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Petersson%2C+L%2E+%E2%80%9CThe+Syntactic+Pattern+Qtol+%E2%86%92+W%C9%99yiqtol+and+the+Expression+of+Indirect+Command+in+Biblical+Hebrew%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Advances+in+Biblical+Hebrew+Linguistics%3A+Data%2C+Methods%2C+and+Analyses+%28ed%2E+A%2E+Moshavi)
71. Petersson, L. “The Linguistic Profile of the Priestly Narrative of the Pentateuch,” in Paradigm Change in Pentateuchal Research (ed. M. Armgardt, B. Kilchör, and M. Zehnder; BZAR, 22; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2019), 243–264. [↗](https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh4zfj2.16)
72. Petersson, L. “Syntax of the Verb in the Priestly Narrative of the Pentateuch: A Diachronic Study” (PhD thesis, Uppsala University, in preparation). Peursen, W. van. “Ben Sira,” in A Handbook of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1: Periods, Corpora, and Reading Traditions; Volume 2: Selected Texts (ed. W. R. Garr and S. E. Fassberg; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2016), 69–82. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Petersson%2C+L%2E+%E2%80%9CSyntax+of+the+Verb+in+the+Priestly+Narrative+of+the+Pentateuch%3A+A+Diachronic+Study%E2%80%9D+%28PhD+thesis%2C+Uppsala+University%2C+in+preparation%29%2E+Peursen%2C+W%2E+van%2E+%E2%80%9CBen+Sira%2C%E2%80%9D+in+A+Handbook+of+Bibli)
73. Polak, F. H. “Oral Substratum, Language Usage, and Thematic Flow in the Abraham-Jacob Narrative,” in Contextualizing Israel’s Sacred Writings: Ancient Literacy, Orality, and Literary Production (ed. B. B. Schmidt; AIL, 22; Atlanta: SBL Press, 2015), 217–238. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Polak%2C+F%2E+H%2E+%E2%80%9COral+Substratum%2C+Language+Usage%2C+and+Thematic+Flow+in+the+Abraham%2DJacob+Narrative%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Contextualizing+Israel%E2%80%99s+Sacred+Writings%3A+Ancient+Literacy%2C+Orality%2C+and+Literary+Production+%28ed%2E+B)
74. Polak, F. H. “Oral Platform and Language Usage in the Abraham Narrative,” in The Formation of the Pentateuch: Bridging the Academic Cultures of Europe, Israel, and North America (ed. J. C. Gertz, B. M. Levinson, D. Rom-Shiloni, and K. Schmid; FAT, 111; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016), 405–441. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Polak%2C+F%2E+H%2E+%E2%80%9COral+Platform+and+Language+Usage+in+the+Abraham+Narrative%2C%E2%80%9D+in+The+Formation+of+the+Pentateuch%3A+Bridging+the+Academic+Cultures+of+Europe%2C+Israel%2C+and+North+America+%28ed%2E+J%2E+C%2E+Gertz%2C+B%2E+M)
75. Polak, F. H. “Story Telling and Redaction: Varieties of Language Usage in the Exodus Narrative,” in The Formation of the Pentateuch: Bridging the Academic Cultures of Europe, Israel, and North America (ed. J. C. Gertz, B. M. Levinson, D. Rom-Shiloni, and K. Schmid; FAT, 111; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016), 443–475. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Polak%2C+F%2E+H%2E+%E2%80%9CStory+Telling+and+Redaction%3A+Varieties+of+Language+Usage+in+the+Exodus+Narrative%2C%E2%80%9D+in+The+Formation+of+the+Pentateuch%3A+Bridging+the+Academic+Cultures+of+Europe%2C+Israel%2C+and+North+America)
76. Polak, F. H. “Syntactic-Stylistic Aspects of the So-Called ‘Priestly’ Work in the Torah,” in Lema‘an Ziony: Essays in Honor of Ziony Zevit (ed. F. E. Greenspahn and G. A. Rendsburg; Eugene: Cascade Books, 2016), 345–382. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Polak%2C+F%2E+H%2E+%E2%80%9CSyntactic%2DStylistic+Aspects+of+the+So%2DCalled+%E2%80%98Priestly%E2%80%99+Work+in+the+Torah%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Lema%E2%80%98an+Ziony%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Ziony+Zevit+%28ed%2E+F%2E+E%2E+Greenspahn+and+G%2E+A%2E+Rendsburg%3B+Eugene%3A+Cascade+Bo)
77. Reed, S. “The Linguistic Diversity of the Texts Found at Qumran,” in The Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran and the Concept of a Library (ed. S. W. Crawford and C. Wassen; STDJ, 116; Leiden: Brill, 2016), 132–154. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305069_009)
78. Rendsburg, G. A. “What We Can Learn about Other Northwest Semitic Dialects from Reading the Bible,” in Discourse, Dialogue and Debate in the Bible: Essays in Honour of Frank H. Polak (ed. A. Brenner-Idan; Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix, 2014), 160–178. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Rendsburg%2C+G%2E+A%2E+%E2%80%9CWhat+We+Can+Learn+about+Other+Northwest+Semitic+Dialects+from+Reading+the+Bible%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Discourse%2C+Dialogue+and+Debate+in+the+Bible%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+Frank+H%2E+Polak+%28ed%2E+A%2E+Brenner%2DI)
79. Rendsburg, G. A. “The Nature of Qumran Hebrew as Revealed through Pesher Habakkuk,” in Hebrew of the Late Second Temple Period: Proceedings of a Sixth International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira (ed. E. Tigchelaar and P. van Hecke; STDJ, 114; Leiden: Brill, 2015), 132–159. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004299313_010)
80. Rendsburg, G. A. “The Etymology of טוטעז ‘Youth, Young Man,’” in The Reconfiguration of Hebrew in the Hellenistic Period: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira at Strasbourg University, June 2014 (ed. J. Joosten, D. Machiela, and J.-S. Rey; STDJ, 124; Leiden: Brill, 2018), 189–212. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Rendsburg%2C+G%2E+A%2E+%E2%80%9CThe+Etymology+of+%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%96+%E2%80%98Youth%2C+Young+Man%2C%E2%80%99%E2%80%9D+in+The+Reconfiguration+of+Hebrew+in+the+Hellenistic+Period%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Seventh+International+Symposium+on+the+Hebrew+of+the+Dead+S)
81. Rendsburg, G. A. “Review of Aaron D. Hornkohl, Ancient Hebrew Periodization and the Language of the Book of Jeremiah: The Case for a Sixth-Century Date of Composition,” JAOS 138 (2018): 190–192. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Rendsburg%2C+G%2E+A%2E+%E2%80%9CReview+of+Aaron+D%2E+Hornkohl%2C+Ancient+Hebrew+Periodization+and+the+Language+of+the+Book+of+Jeremiah%3A+The+Case+for+a+Sixth%2DCentury+Date+of+Composition%2C%E2%80%9D+JAOS+138+%282018%29%3A+190%E2%80%93192%2E)
82. Rendsburg, G. A. How the Bible Is Written (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2019). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Rendsburg%2C+G%2E+A%2E+How+the+Bible+Is+Written+%28Peabody%2C+MA%3A+Hendrickson%2C+2019%29%2E)
83. Rendsburg, G. A. and I. Young. “ן מ ֶ ש ֶ ק רוּת ַ šemen tūraq (Song 1:3),” in Le-ma‘an Ziony: Essays in Honor of Ziony Zevit (ed. F. E. Greenspahn and G. A. Rendsburg; Eugene: Cascade Books, 2016), 383–396. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Rendsburg%2C+G%2E+A%2E+and+I%2E+Young%2E+%E2%80%9C%D7%9F+%D7%9E+%D6%B6+%D7%A9+%D6%B6+%D7%A7+%D7%A8%D7%95%D6%BC%D7%AA+%D6%B7+%C5%A1emen+t%C5%ABraq+%28Song+1%3A3%29%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Le%2Dma%E2%80%98an+Ziony%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Ziony+Zevit+%28ed%2E+F%2E+E%2E+Greenspahn+and+G%2E+A%2E+Rendsburg%3B+Eugene%3A+Cascade+Books%2C+2016%29%2C+3)
84. Rey, J.-S. “Is the Hebrew of the Cairo Genizah Manuscripts of Ben Sira Relevant for the Study of the Hebrew of the Hellenistic Period?,” in The Reconfiguration of Hebrew in the Hellenistic Period: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira at Strasbourg University, June 2014 (ed. J. Joosten, D. Machiela, and J.-S. Rey; STDJ, 124; Leiden: Brill, 2018), 213–225. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004366770_013)
85. Reymond, E. D. “Reflections on Orthography and Morphology in Ben Sira’s Hebrew: The 3ms Heh Pronominal Suffix,” in The Reconfiguration of Hebrew in the Hellenistic Period: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira at Strasbourg University, June 2014 (ed. J. Joosten, D. Machiela, and J.-S. Rey; STDJ, 124; Leiden: Brill, 2018), 226–244. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Reymond%2C+E%2E+D%2E+%E2%80%9CReflections+on+Orthography+and+Morphology+in+Ben+Sira%E2%80%99s+Hebrew%3A+The+3ms+Heh+Pronominal+Suffix%2C%E2%80%9D+in+The+Reconfiguration+of+Hebrew+in+the+Hellenistic+Period%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Seventh+I)
86. Rezetko, R. “Biblical Hebrew Changed, but How?,” ([https://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/2016/09/rez408007.shtml](https://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/2016/09/rez408007.shtml)). Rezetko, R. “The (Dis)Connection between Textual and Linguistic Developments in the Book of Jeremiah: Hebrew Bible Textual Criticism Challenges Biblical Hebrew Historical Linguistics,” in Empirical Models Challenging Biblical Criticism (ed. R. F. Person, Jr. and R. Rezetko; AIL, 25; Atlanta: SBL Press, 2016), 239–269. [↗](https://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/2016/09/rez408007.shtml)
87. Rezetko, R. “Thoughts on Language Periodization with a Response to Jacobus A. Naudé and Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé, ‘The Contribution of Qumran to Historical Hebrew Linguistics: Evidence from the Syntax of Participial Negation,’ HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 72/4 (2016), 10 pages” ([http://www.academia.edu/28030916/2016m_Rezetko_Thoughts_on_Language_Periodization_w](http://www.academia.edu/28030916/2016m_Rezetko_Thoughts_on_Language_Periodization_w) ith_a_Response_to_Naude_and_Miller-Naude_The_Contribution_of_Qumran_to_Historical_Hebrew_Linguistics). [↗](http://www.academia.edu/28030916/2016m_Rezetko_Thoughts_on_Language_Periodization_w) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2016-naude-contribution-qumran-historical-hebrew-linguistics/)
88. Rezetko, R. “Response to Gary A. Rendsburg, ‘Late Biblical Hebrew in the Book of Haggai,’ in Language and Nature: Papers Presented to John Huehnergard on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday, ed. Rebecca Hasselbach and Naʿama Pat-El (Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, 67; Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2012), 329–344” ([http://www.academia.edu/26097650/2016l_Rezetko_Response_to_Rendsburg_Late_Biblical_H](http://www.academia.edu/26097650/2016l_Rezetko_Response_to_Rendsburg_Late_Biblical_H) ebrew_in_the_Book_of_Haggai). [↗](http://www.academia.edu/26097650/2016l_Rezetko_Response_to_Rendsburg_Late_Biblical_H)
89. Rezetko, R. “Response to Jan Joosten, ‘Pseudo-Classicisms in Late Biblical Hebrew,’ ZAW 128 (2016): 16–29” ([http://www.academia.edu/25884049/2016i_Rezetko_Response_to_Joosten_Pseudo-](http://www.academia.edu/25884049/2016i_Rezetko_Response_to_Joosten_Pseudo-) [↗](http://www.academia.edu/25884049/2016i_Rezetko_Response_to_Joosten_Pseudo-)
90. Classicisms_in_Late_Biblical_Hebrew). Rezetko, R. “Response to Mark F. Rooker, ‘Characteristics of the Hebrew of the Recognized Literary Divisions of Isaiah,’ in Bind up the Testimony: Explorations in the Genesis of the Book of Isaiah, ed. Daniel I. Block and Richard L. Schultz (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2015), 195– 225” ([https://www.academia.edu/25885221/2016k_Rezetko_Response_to_Rooker_Characteristics_of](https://www.academia.edu/25885221/2016k_Rezetko_Response_to_Rooker_Characteristics_of) _the_Hebrew_of_the_Recognized_Literary_Divisions_of_Isaiah). [↗](https://www.academia.edu/25885221/2016k_Rezetko_Response_to_Rooker_Characteristics_of)
91. Rezetko, R. “Response to Seoung-Yun Shin, ‘A Diachronic Study of the Language of Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi,’ JBL 135 (2016): 265–281” ([http://www.academia.edu/25884135/2016j_Rezetko_Response_to_Shin_A_Diachronic_Study_of_the_Language_of_Haggai_Zechariah_and_Malachi](http://www.academia.edu/25884135/2016j_Rezetko_Response_to_Shin_A_Diachronic_Study_of_the_Language_of_Haggai_Zechariah_and_Malachi)). [↗](http://www.academia.edu/25884135/2016j_Rezetko_Response_to_Shin_A_Diachronic_Study_of_the_Language_of_Haggai_Zechariah_and_Malachi)
92. Rezetko, R. “Response to Steven E. Fassberg, ‘What is Late Biblical Hebrew?,’ ZAW 128 (2016): 1–15” ([https://www.academia.edu/25884031/2016h_Rezetko_Response_to_Fassberg_What_is_Late_B](https://www.academia.edu/25884031/2016h_Rezetko_Response_to_Fassberg_What_is_Late_B) iblical_Hebrew). [↗](https://www.academia.edu/25884031/2016h_Rezetko_Response_to_Fassberg_What_is_Late_B)