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# The Biblical Hebrew infinitive

**Authors:** Edit Doron · **Year:** 2020 · **Venue:** Brill's Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 12, 119–150 **Link:** [zenodo.org/records/4749002](https://zenodo.org/records/4749002) (DOI [10.1163/18776930-01201007](https://doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01201007)) · **Licence:** copyrighted — summary only (open access, licence not confirmed)

[**0** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4287779436) openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14[Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)](https://openalex.org/S4306400562)

- [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749001)
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- [DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4749001](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749001)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4287779436)

**Authors (1)**

1. [Edit Doron](https://openalex.org/A5050992737) h 24 · 2239 citations · 69 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex-snapshot (2026-10-14); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

Doron argues that the infinitive absolute and infinitive construct are two allomorphs of one infinitive, and that this infinitive is a verb heading a clause, not a noun or verbal noun as both the medieval and European grammatical traditions held. The infinitive takes the same functional categories as finite verbs (Mood, Tense, a combined Aspect/Modality), and their combinations give three infinitival clauses beside the finite one: Nom-inf, the bare infinitive absolute as an irrealis root clause with imperative force ("Remember the Sabbath day", Exod 20:8); Poss-inf, an infinitive construct with a possessive subject suffix or noun, usually a temporal adverbial after בְּ/כְּ ("when we remembered Zion"); and PRO-inf, an infinitive with לְ and no overt subject, used for purpose or as complement of aspectual and modal verbs. Clitics follow from the features: finite verbs take subject and object clitics, PRO-inf takes object clitics only (לְהוֹצִיאָם), Poss-inf takes a subject suffix but its object must be a separate אֹתָם (בְּהוֹצִיאִי אֹתָם, not *בְּהוֹצִיאִים), Nom-inf takes neither. The infinitive assigns accusative case (אֵת), unlike nouns. In late Biblical and Rabbinic Hebrew, event nouns replace Poss-inf (Kings לִמְלֹךְ שְׁלֹמֹה vs Chronicles with מַלְכוּת).

## Ideas

- I1. Tag each infinitive construct in the trees by Doron's type: subject suffix or following subject noun → Poss-inf (`advcl`, temporal when after בְּ/כְּ); לְ with no subject → PRO-inf (`xcomp` after aspectual/modal verbs, `advcl` purpose otherwise); bare infinitive absolute as clause head → Nom-inf (`root`, Mood=Imp-like). Count the three in the Torah.
- I2. A consistency check on the clitic rule: a suffix on a Poss-inf is the subject, so a following object must be אֵת + suffix; a suffix on a לְ-infinitive is the object. Use it to assign `nsubj` vs `obj` to infinitive suffixes deterministically and count violations.
- I3. Treat the infinitive as VERB with VerbForm=Inf and its arguments with clausal relations (`obj`, `nsubj`), not `nmod`, even when the subject is a suffix; check MACULA's conversion against this.
- I4. For `prag`: a clause-initial infinitive absolute with no finite verb (Exod 20:8 זָכוֹר, Deut 5:12 שָׁמוֹר) → form imperative, act command.
- I5. For chapter 12: count Poss-inf vs event nouns for the same notion in the Torah vs the Mishnah to show the replacement.

## For Mova

I1–I3 belong in [The verb](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/06-verb/) (infinitives) and `08-syntax.md` (infinitives), and in the head rules and FEATS of `tools/macula`, measured against PTNK. I4 is a candidate for the `infabs` rule in `tools/macula/src/prag.rs` (check whether the existing rule already covers it). I5 is a count for `11-mishnaic.md` and `12-biblical-mishnaic-modern.md`.

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4749001](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749001)

```
@inproceedings{doron2020biblical,
  title = {{The Biblical Hebrew infinitive}},
  author = {Doron, Edit},
  booktitle = {Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4749001},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749001}
}
```

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