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# Against Binarism, Simplicity, Neatness and Stasis: A Theoretical Prolegomenon to the Reality of Verbal Grams in Biblical Hebrew

**Authors:** [Alexander Andrason](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/alexander-andrason/) · **Year:** 2017 (Folia Orientalia 54; the catalogue gives 2026, the date it was indexed) · **Venue:** Folia Orientalia 54, 11 ff. **Link:** [wydawnictwo.pan.pl/index.php/fo/article/view/6760](https://wydawnictwo.pan.pl/index.php/fo/article/view/6760) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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**Authors (1)**

1. [Alexander Andrason](https://openalex.org/A5025732228) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9824) · h 14 · 764 citations · 185 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-19); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

A theoretical paper from cognitive linguistics and complexity theory. Its claim: models of the Biblical Hebrew verb that assign each form one binary value (perfective vs imperfective, past vs non-past) are "folk" models that, like perceptual illusions, add order that is not in the data. Instead the author proposes his wave-stream model: each verbal form (gram) is a network of senses lying along a known cross-linguistic path of development (the "anterior" path: resultative → perfect → perfective past → simple past), with each sense weighted by its frequency, so the profile looks like a wave. On his earlier Genesis counts, wayyiqtol is about 90% perfective past, 8% non-perfective past and 4% perfect-like senses, and 94.5% of its tokens are in narrative; qatal is spread over perfect senses (up to about 33%), past, future-perfect, performative and others, and splits evenly between discourse (48%) and narrative (47.5%). Wayyiqtol is the more advanced wave on the path, qatal the less advanced one.

## Ideas

- I1. In the verb chapter, describe each form by a frequency profile of senses measured on the Torah, not by one label: for wayyiqtol and qatal, the share of each reading (past perfective, perfect, future perfect, performative, present stative) and the split narrative vs direct speech. The narrative/speech split can be counted now from `prag`'s voice column.
- I2. In the English gloss and the world reader, take the reading of a form from its profile and its context: qatal in a quote → test for perfect ("I have given") before simple past; qatal of a stative verb → present; wayyiqtol → past perfective unless inside a habitual chain.
- I3. When the JPS reading disagrees with the default reading, record which sense the English chose; over the Torah this gives Mova's own measured profile to compare with the paper's Genesis numbers.

## For Mova

I1 is a count on the Torah trees (verb form × `prag` voice) for [The verb](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/06-verb/) (the aspect–tense debate). I2 is a rule set for the gloss of verbs in the Torah dictionary's examples and for the event layer read from the trees. I3 is a measure against the JPS 1917 alignment, reported in `06-verb.md` with its date.

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```
@inproceedings{andrason2026against,
  title = {{Against Binarism, Simplicity, Neatness and Stasis: A Theoretical Prolegomenon to the Reality of Verbal Grams in Biblical Hebrew}},
  author = {Andrason, Alexander},
  booktitle = {Folia Orientalia},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://wydawnictwo.pan.pl/index.php/fo/article/view/6760}
}
```

- [← previous The Semitic wa and *pa of Apodosis: Pragmatics, Syntax, and Diachrony of Two Non-Coordinating 'And's](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2025-zulker-semitic-wa-pa-apodosis-pragmatics/)
- [next → Toward the Ocean of the Biblical Hebrew Verbal System](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2026-andrason-toward-ocean-biblical-hebrew-verbal/)
- [↑ back to Ancient Hebrew](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo/)

## References

50 references, 4 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

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