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# Attributive Constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic

**Authors:** Ariel Gutman · **Year:** 2018 · **Venue:** Language Science Press (Studies in Diversity Linguistics 15) **Link:** [doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1182527](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1182527) · library `langsci-b123-gutman-attributive-constructions-north-eastern-neo` · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (Language Science Press)

[**25** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3157768799) openalex · 2026-10-19[**2** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/langsci-b123-gutman-attributive-constructions-north-eastern-neo/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[monograph](https://openalex.org/S4306402444)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-25198)
- [PDF](https://zenodo.org/api/records/1182527/files/final.pdf/content)
- [DOI 10.17169/refubium-25198](https://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-25198)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W3157768799)

**Authors (1)**

1. [Ariel Gutman](https://openalex.org/A5058826802) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-8387) · h 6 · 223 citations · 38 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-19); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

A book on how NENA dialects (north Iraq, south-east Turkey, west Iran) link a noun to its attribute — a possessor, an adjective, a relative clause, an ordinal — and how much of their variation comes from inherited Aramaic and how much from contact with Kurdish, Persian, Turkish and Arabic (pattern vs matter replication in the sense of Matras and Sakel). Chapter 2 sets up a typology of attributive constructions from general typology and from Semitic: relational nouns and the category of state, the construct state across Semitic, the analytic linker, and Goldenberg's Semitic typology. Chapter 3 applies it to Classical Syriac as the historical baseline: possessive suffixes (X-his), the construct state (X.cst Y), the analytic linker with d- (X d-Y) for pronominal, clausal, adjectival, adverbial and ordinal attributes, the double annexation construction (X-his d-Y, "his house, of the king"), a dative linker, and adjectives by juxtaposition with agreement. Chapter 4 separates the NENA "D-markers" — the d- proclitic, an -əd suffix on the head, and a d- genitive prefix — by clitic vs affix criteria, and later chapters describe individual dialects (e.g. Jewish Zakho) and the contact explanations. The card is written from the contents, chapter 1 and the outline of chapters 2–4.

## Ideas

- I1. An inventory of attributive constructions as UD patterns for Aramaic: possessive suffix → `nmod:poss` on a split pronoun; construct state → `nmod` with `Definite=Cons` on the head; X d-Y → `nmod`/`acl:relcl` with d- as `case` or `mark` depending on the dependent; double annexation X-his d-Y → `nmod` with a resumptive possessive on the head. One table for Biblical Aramaic (דִּי), Targumic, Talmudic (ד־) and Syriac, so the converters treat the same construction the same way.
- I2. Clitic vs affix tests for the d- marker (does it attach to the first word of a phrase or to every conjunct; can it be separated) as a rule for the segmenter: d- before a phrase is split off as its own syntactic word, while a d- fused into a lexicalised form is not.
- I3. Double annexation as a test case for the frame reader: "his house, of the king" has one possessor referred to twice; coreference between the suffix and the d-phrase must be resolved inside the noun phrase, not left to discourse.
- I4. The juxtaposition-with-agreement vs linker contrast for adjectives (X Y.agr vs X d-Y) is a register and period marker in Aramaic texts; count both per text in the Aramaic corpora as a feature for dating and `tools/langseg`.

## For Mova

I1 goes into [Particles and syntax of Biblical Aramaic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/arc/particles-syntax/) and [The noun in Biblical Aramaic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/arc/nouns/) (with notes in [Particles and syntax of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/tmr/particles-syntax/) and [Particles and syntax of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/jpa/particles-syntax/)); I2 is a rule for an Aramaic segmenter alongside `tools/hbo` and for `tools/langseg`; I3 is a rule for `prag`/`world` on Aramaic and Hebrew noun phrases; I4 is a measure in [Biblical Aramaic texts, annotated](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/arc/texts/).

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.17169/refubium-25198](https://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-25198)

```
@book{gutman2018attributive,
  title = {{Attributive Constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic}},
  author = {Gutman, Ariel},
  year = {2018},
  doi = {10.17169/refubium-25198},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-25198}
}
```

- [← previous Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbobook-obp0209-khan-studies-grammar-lexicon-neo-aramaic/)
- [next → BTPK-based interpretable method for NER tasks based on Talmudic Public Announcement Logic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/langstream-2022-chen-btpk-based-interpretable-method-ner/)
- [↑ back to Aramaic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/arc/)

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