[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/langstream-2026-neme-pattern-root-inflectional-morphology-arabic/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [docs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/) / [papers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/) / [Semitic languages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/sem/) / Pattern-and-root inflectional morphology: the Arabic broken plural # Pattern-and-root inflectional morphology: the Arabic broken plural **Authors:** [Alexis Amid Neme](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/alexis-amid-neme/); Eric Laporte · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** arXiv:2605.22310 (originally Language Sciences, 2013, 40, pp. 221–250) **Link:** [arxiv.org/abs/2605.22310](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22310) · library `langstream-2026-neme-pattern-root-inflectional-morphology-arabic` · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) (arXiv) — summary only [**34** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034288160) openalex · 2026-10-18[**2** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/langstream-2026-neme-pattern-root-inflectional-morphology-arabic/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[arXiv:2605.22310 · Language Sciences, 2013, 40, pp.221-250](https://openalex.org/S67473218)[licence](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) - [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.06.002) - [PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.22310) - [DOI 10.1016/j.langsci.2013.06.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.06.002) - [arXiv 2605.22310](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22310) - [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2034288160) **Authors (2)** 1. [Alexis Amid Neme](https://openalex.org/A5085997243) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-2068) · h 5 · 148 citations · 18 works 2. [Eric Laporte](https://openalex.org/A5052391172) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0984-0781) · h 12 · 433 citations · 192 works Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart. ## What it is about The authors present PRIM (Pattern-and-Root Inflectional Morphology), a dictionary-based model for the inflection of Arabic nouns, with the broken plural (internal plural such as ʿuqdah, plural ʿuqad) as its main target. It keeps the traditional root and pattern notions but separates inflection from derivation and semantics, uses surface roots instead of deep roots, and has no morphophonological rules: the dictionary stores lemmas fully diacritized and each entry carries a short code (singular pattern, broken-plural pattern, root code). Nouns with a triliteral broken plural fall into 22 patterns in 90 classes, and nouns with a quadriliteral one into 3 patterns in 70 classes; with singular variation these give 300 inflectional classes. The scheme is applied to about 3,200 broken-plural noun entries. The authors argue that generative rule systems are under-specified and that multi-stem lexicons repeat the same information in every stem. ## Ideas - I1. Keep root alternations (weak w and y, hamza, gemination) in a separate root code, not inside the pattern. For Hebrew, apply this to the weak verbs: code the pe-yod, ayin-waw or ayin-yod, lamed-he and lamed-aleph classes as a root-alternation field, and keep the stem pattern as its own field. - I2. One plural per lexeme: when a noun has two plurals, make two entries, not one entry with two plurals. Check it on the Hebrew noun lists before the lexicon grows. - I3. Lemma convention: the lemma is the fully pointed citation form of the singular, and a derivational difference makes a new lexeme. Use this rule when `macula dict` chooses lemmas, so that derived nouns are not merged into their base. ## For Mova I1 goes into [The weak verbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/07-weak-verbs/), and into [The Noun, the Adjective and the Numeral](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/04-noun/) for nominal patterns. I2 is a check for [The Noun, the Adjective and the Numeral](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/04-noun/) and for `macula dict`. I3 is a lemma rule for `macula dict`. ## Cite The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.1016/j.langsci.2013.06.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.06.002) · [arXiv 2605.22310](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22310) ``` @misc{neme2026pattern, title = {{Pattern-and-root inflectional morphology: the Arabic broken plural}}, author = {Neme, Alexis Amid and Laporte, Eric}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.1016/j.langsci.2013.06.002}, eprint = {2605.22310}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.06.002} } ``` - [← previous Arabic Sentence Segmentation Across Genres and Punctuation Conditions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/langstream-2026-elkholy-arabic-sentence-segmentation-across-genres/) - [next → YallaMorph: A Benchmark for Evaluating Arabic Morphological Generation in Large Language Models](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/langstream-2026-reda-yallamorph-benchmark-evaluating-arabic-morphological/) - [↑ back to Semitic languages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/sem/) ## References 45 references, 3 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet. 1. 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