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# UniMorph 4.0: Universal Morphology

**Authors:** [Khuyagbaatar Batsuren](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/khuyagbaatar-batsuren/), [Omer Goldman](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/omer-goldman/), [Salam Khalifa](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/salam-khalifa/) et al. · **Year:** 2022 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022) **Link:** [aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.89](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.89/) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) (LREC proceedings) — summary only

[**37** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280645456) openalex · 2026-10-18[**45** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/lex-2022-batsuren-unimorph-4/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[LREC 2022 (Marseille)](https://openalex.org/S4306400194)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.89/)
- [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.89.pdf)
- [arXiv 2205.03608](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.03608)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4280645456)

**Authors (4)**

1. [Khuyagbaatar Batsuren](https://openalex.org/A5086221076) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6819-5444) · h 13 · 777 citations · 53 works
2. [Omer Goldman](https://openalex.org/A5028852856) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5863-4856) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/40060272) · h 12 · 868 citations · 136 works
3. [Salam Khalifa](https://openalex.org/A5019390269) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-3637) · h 15 · 896 citations · 67 works
4. Nizar Habash et al.

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

The paper presents release 4.0 of UniMorph, a multilingual database of inflection tables with a language-independent feature schema. The release covers 182 languages, 122M inflections and 769K derivations. It adds 67 new languages, 30 of them endangered. The schema becomes hierarchical, so that multiple-argument agreement and case stacking can be annotated. Morpheme segmentation is added for 16 languages, and derivations from MorphyNet are added for 30 languages, with about 15 million segmentations. A new validation tool checks UniMorph against Universal Dependencies treebanks. The paper gives the size and structure of the release and does not report an accuracy figure for a model.

## Ideas

- I1. `en/src/udreg.rs`: compare the features that `en morph-eval` assigns to English forms with the features of the UD treebank, and report the mismatch per feature, using the validation idea of the paper. The measure is the feature agreement on EWT test, with the mismatches listed by feature.
- I2. Hierarchical feature check: encode the English verb features (tense, person, number) as a nested schema in `en/src/udreg.rs`, and count the feature bundles that the schema rejects. Measure the rejected share on EWT test, with the negative control of a random bundle set.
- I3. Segmentation for English derivations: write deterministic rules in `en/src/morph.rs` that split each suffixed English form into stem and suffix, and measure the boundary accuracy on a held-out list of derived forms. The paper's segmentation set is used as a test reference only.

## For Mova

The code is `en/src/udreg.rs` for the feature gate and `en/src/morph.rs` for the segmentation, with `en ud-check` and `en morph-eval` as checks. The chapters are [13. Verbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/13-verbs/) for verb features and `17-derivation-suffixes.md` for the suffix splits. The paper's data is NC-licensed, so use it only as a test reference, never in what is built. Measure first: per-feature agreement on EWT test, two identical runs before any claim.

Topics: [Treebanks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/treebanks/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [arXiv 2205.03608](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.03608)

```
@inproceedings{batsuren2022unimorph,
  title = {{UniMorph 4.0: Universal Morphology}},
  author = {Batsuren, Khuyagbaatar and Goldman, Omer and Khalifa, Salam},
  booktitle = {LREC 2022 (Marseille)},
  year = {2022},
  eprint = {2205.03608},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.03608}
}
```

- [← previous The SIGMORPHON 2022 Shared Task on Morpheme Segmentation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lex-2022-batsuren-morpheme-segmentation/)
- [next → Large Scale Substitution-based Word Sense Induction](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lex-2022-eyal-substitution-wsi/)
- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)

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