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# No case for Case in locality: Case does not help interpretation when intervention blocks A-bar chains

**Authors:** [Naama Friedmann](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/naama-friedmann/); [Luigi Rizzi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/luigi-rizzi/); [Adriana Belletti](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/adriana-belletti/) · **Year:** 2017 · **Venue:** Glossa: a journal of general linguistics **Link:** [glossa-journal.org/article/id/4895](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/id/4895/) · library `lingbulk-2017-friedmann-no-case-case-locality-case` · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

[**31** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2606711622) openalex · 2026-10-19[**6** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/lingbulk-2017-friedmann-no-case-case-locality-case/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Glossa: a journal of general linguistics](https://openalex.org/S4210226983)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.165)
- [PDF](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/4895/galley/12345/download)
- [DOI 10.5334/gjgl.165](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.165)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2606711622)

**Authors (3)**

1. [Naama Friedmann](https://openalex.org/A5081371538) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7108-3072) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/7609622) · h 47 · 7163 citations · 208 works
2. [Luigi Rizzi](https://openalex.org/A5018252982) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-9861) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/38178200) · h 54 · 23344 citations · 177 works
3. [Adriana Belletti](https://openalex.org/A5081854836) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-0721) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/35695540) · h 40 · 8591 citations · 188 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-19); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

The question is whether the Hebrew object marker et, which marks definite direct objects, helps people interpret sentences in which the object has moved to the front. Experiment 1 tested 28 typically developing children (aged 3;0 to 6;5) on object which-questions with and without et: both kinds were answered correctly about 71% of the time, with no difference, while the matching subject questions reached 92.5%. Experiment 2 tested object-verb-subject sentences with topicalisation (et-object first) against simple subject-verb-object sentences, in 18 children with hearing impairment, 7 adults with agrammatic aphasia and 3 adolescents with syntactic SLI. The OVS scores were 60.6%, 47.9% and 53.9%; the SVO scores were 98.1%, 90.5% and 100%. Almost no one performed below chance, so the participants noticed the marker but did not reverse the roles. The authors explain this within a featural Relativized Minimality account: Case is not a feature that triggers movement, so a difference in Case cannot relieve intervention, the object chain cannot be built, and the marker cannot help.

## Ideas

- I1. A diagnostic for role assignment: on an OVS sentence with a marked object, a correct frame gives the object its role from the marker. When the chain cannot be built, the frame should leave the roles unassigned, not swap them. Measure how often the current frame builder swaps agent and patient, which is the signature of a wrong rule, against leaving them open. Use the paper's below-chance logic as the test.
- I2. In the tree, record the marker as a Case feature on the object, but let the frame builder use it only when the object link is already built by the dependency tree. Test this on OVS sentences in Biblical Hebrew, where the same marker and verb-first order occur.
- I3. A small test set built from the paper's design: which-questions with and without the marker, and OVS against SVO. This is a fixed comprehension test for Hebrew that can be run once a parser for the language exists.

## For Mova

I1 belongs to role assignment in `prag` and `world`. I2 belongs to [Syntax: the clause and the sentence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/08-syntax/) for the marker and the verb-first order, and to [7. Syntax](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/he/07-syntax/) for the modern case. I3 is a test set for [7. Syntax](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/he/07-syntax/); the Modern Hebrew parser does not exist yet.

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.5334/gjgl.165](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.165)

```
@article{friedmann2017no,
  title = {{No case for Case in locality: Case does not help interpretation when intervention blocks A-bar chains}},
  author = {Friedmann, Naama and Rizzi, Luigi and Belletti, Adriana},
  journal = {Glossa: a journal of general linguistics},
  year = {2017},
  doi = {10.5334/gjgl.165},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.165}
}
```

- [← previous A Lexical Resource of Hebrew Verb-Noun Multi-Word Expressions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2016-liebeskind-lexical-resource-hebrew-verb-noun/)
- [next → Reflexive verbs in Hebrew: Deep unaccusativity meets lexical semantics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2017-kastner-reflexive-verbs-hebrew-deep-unaccusativity/)
- [↑ back to Modern Hebrew](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/he/)

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53. How to cite this article: Friedmann, Naama, Luigi Rizzi and Adriana Belletti. 2016. No case for Case in locality: Case does not help interpretation when intervention blocks A-bar chains. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 2(1): 33. 1–18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.165 [↗](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.165) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2017-friedmann-no-case-case-locality-case/)
54. Copyright: © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Glossa: a journal of general linguistics is a peer-reviewed open access journal published by Ubiquity Press. OPEN ACCESS [↗](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)