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# Missing objects in Hebrew: Argument ellipsis, not VP ellipsis

**Authors:** Idan Landau · **Year:** 2018 · **Venue:** Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 3(1) **Link:** [glossa-journal.org/article/id/5044](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/id/5044/) · library `lingbulk-2018-landau-missing-objects-hebrew-argument-ellipsis` · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

[**88** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2810446052) openalex · 2026-10-18[**2** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/lingbulk-2018-landau-missing-objects-hebrew-argument-ellipsis/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Glossa: a journal of general linguistics](https://openalex.org/S4210226983)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.560)
- [PDF](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/5044/galley/12167/download)
- [DOI 10.5334/gjgl.560](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.560)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2810446052)

**Authors (1)**

1. [Landau, Idan](https://openalex.org/A5048303854) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-1798) · h 28 · 4671 citations · 84 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

Hebrew object gaps (for example 'Gil invited his sister. Yosi did too.') have been analysed as verb-stranding VP ellipsis (VSVPE), with a requirement that the verbs match. Landau re-examines every piece of evidence and argues for argument ellipsis (AE): only the object is missing and the verb stays. The argument rests on examples that the VSVPE view cannot derive: gaps with no lexical verb antecedent (a nonverbal predicate or possessive antecedent, with an animate gap); gaps inside wh-islands; gaps beside a PP in ditransitive clauses; and gaps whose verb differs from the antecedent verb, which falsifies the verb identity requirement. He then argues that VSVPE overgenerates for adjuncts and raising verbs, so it is probably unavailable in Hebrew. The evidence is judgements on constructed examples; the paper gives no counts.

## Ideas

- I1. In the event builder, an object gap in a clause with an earlier antecedent becomes an argument-ellipsis node that copies the antecedent's object referent. The verb is not copied, and no verb-match check is run.
- I2. A gold test built from the paper's examples: animate gaps with a nonverbal antecedent, gaps inside an island, and gaps beside a PP. A gap resolver that refuses any of these is wrong, and the test should go red on a null-object-only rule.
- I3. Sloppy readings: a possessive pronoun inside the gap is rebound to the new subject ('Gil cleaned his table after Yosi did'), while an overt object pronoun keeps only the strict reading. Store both readings and mark which one is used, so that the rule can be tested on the pair.

## For Mova

I1 and I3 go into [7. Syntax](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/he/07-syntax/) (null objects) and into the gap handling of `world`. I2 is a test set for the same chapter and for the resolver in `prag`; the rule is in the Hebrew syntax chapter, not in English.

Topics: [Coreference resolution](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/coreference-resolution/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.5334/gjgl.560](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.560)

```
@article{landau2018missing,
  title = {{Missing objects in Hebrew: Argument ellipsis, not VP ellipsis}},
  author = {Landau, Idan},
  journal = {Glossa: a journal of general linguistics},
  year = {2018},
  doi = {10.5334/gjgl.560},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.560}
}
```

- [← previous The head the construct: Construct state nominals as a novel window to syntactic movement difficulties in hearing impairment](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2018-friedmann-head-construct-construct-state-nominals/)
- [next → Automatic Thesaurus Construction for Modern Hebrew](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2018-liebeskind-automatic-thesaurus-construction-modern-hebrew/)
- [↑ back to Modern Hebrew](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/he/)

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103. How to cite this article: Landau, Idan. 2018. Missing objects in Hebrew: Argument ellipsis, not VP ellipsis. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 3(1): 76. 1–37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.560 [↗](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.560) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2018-landau-missing-objects-hebrew-argument-ellipsis/)
104. Submitted: 01 November 2017 [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Submitted%3A+01+November+2017)
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