[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2019-kaabi-rethinking-templates-syntactic-analysis-verbal/)

[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [docs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/) / [papers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/) / [Semitic languages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/sem/) / Rethinking templates: A syntactic analysis of verbal morphology in Emirati Arabic

# Rethinking templates: A syntactic analysis of verbal morphology in Emirati Arabic

**Authors:** Meera Al Kaabi; Dimitrios Ntelitheos · **Year:** 2019 · **Venue:** Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 4(1): 132 **Link:** [glossa-journal.org/article/id/5239](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/id/5239/) · library `lingbulk-2019-kaabi-rethinking-templates-syntactic-analysis-verbal` · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

[**7** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2990433308) openalex · 2026-10-18[**1** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/lingbulk-2019-kaabi-rethinking-templates-syntactic-analysis-verbal/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Glossa: a journal of general linguistics](https://openalex.org/S4210226983)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.428)
- [PDF](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/5239/galley/12676/download)
- [DOI 10.5334/gjgl.428](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.428)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2990433308)

**Authors (2)**

1. [Meera Al Kaabi](https://openalex.org/A5067067102) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7432-6212) · h 6 · 254 citations · 76 works
2. [Dimitrios Ntelitheos](https://openalex.org/A5050370239) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-9796) · h 7 · 124 citations · 93 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

The paper describes the verb system of Emirati Arabic (the Gulf Arabic variety of the UAE) with the nine verb forms (templates) that are productive there, and explains them in Distributed Morphology. The authors argue that the meaning of a verb comes from three heads: the consonantal root, a little v that carries the template (causative, applicative or inchoative flavour), and a Voice head that carries voice prefixes such as reflexive or passive. The data are spontaneous speech from native speakers, checked against seven informants. The main claim is that the form-meaning mapping is many-to-many, as in Hebrew and MSA, but that its regularities come from syntax: selectional restrictions of v and the level at which idiosyncratic rules apply. The paper contrasts this with a prosodic-linearization account (Tucker 2010) and with Doron's and Kastner's accounts of Hebrew. Form IV is absent in the variety, Form IX is more productive than in MSA, and Form X is marginal.

## Ideas

- I1. Store the template as a feature of the verb (a flavour: causative, applicative, inchoative, middle) rather than as a surface pattern. A verb frame then gets its valency from that feature, and the root keeps its own meaning. Try it first for the binyanim in [The verb](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/06-verb/) and in the Aramaic stems in [The verb in Biblical Aramaic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/arc/verbs/).
- I2. Make the many-to-many mapping a measured test: when a root occurs in both Form I and Form II (for Hebrew: qal and piel or hiphil), the derived stem should have the higher valency. Build a list of such root pairs from the Hebrew treebank, and count how often the rule holds. This is a check on the verb frames in [The verb](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/06-verb/), not a new rule.
- I3. Mark idiosyncratic verbs with a lexical flag (the paper's l-syntax) and let the regular rule apply to everything else. Exceptions stay listed in the lexicon, so the rule can be tested without them.

## For Mova

I1 goes into [The verb](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/06-verb/) (binyanim as flavours) and [The verb in Biblical Aramaic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/arc/verbs/) (stems). I2 is a test for `tools/hbo` and for the verb frames of `world`. I3 is a lexicon convention for the verb entries in [The lexicon](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/10-lexicon/).

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.5334/gjgl.428](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.428)

```
@article{kaabi2019rethinking,
  title = {{Rethinking templates: A syntactic analysis of verbal morphology in Emirati Arabic}},
  author = {Kaabi, Meera Al and Ntelitheos, Dimitrios},
  journal = {Glossa: a journal of general linguistics},
  year = {2019},
  doi = {10.5334/gjgl.428},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.428}
}
```

- [← previous Build Fast and Accurate Lemmatization for Arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2018-mubarak-build-fast-accurate-lemmatization-arabic/)
- [next → Concord and agreement features in Modern Standard Arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2019-winchester-concord-agreement-features-modern-standard/)
- [↑ back to Semitic languages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/sem/)

## References

64 references, 1 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Alexiadou, Artemis. 2014. Active, middle, and passive: the morpho-syntax of Voice. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 13. 19–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.153 [↗](https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.153)
2. Alexiadou, Artemis & Edit Doron. 2012. The syntactic construction of two non-active Voices: Passive and middle. Journal of Linguistics 48. 1–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0022226711000338 Alexiadou, Artemis, Elena Anagnostopoulou & Florian Schäfer. 2006. The properties of anticausatives crosslinguistically. In Mara Frascarelli (ed.), Phases of interpretation, 187–212. Berlin: Mouton. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197723.4.187 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197723.4.187)
3. Anagnostopoulou, Elena & Yota Samioti. 2013. Allosemy, idioms, and their domains: Evidence from adjectival participles. In Raffaella Folli, Christina Sevdali & Robert Truswell (eds.), Syntax and its Limits, 218–250. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683239.003.0012 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683239.003.0012)
4. Arad, Maya. 1999. On “Little v”. In Karlos Arreg, Benjamin Bruening, Cornelia Krause & Vivian Lin (eds.), Papers on morphology and syntax, cycle one 33 (MIT working papers in linguistics), 1–25. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Arad%2C+Maya%2E+1999%2E+On+%E2%80%9CLittle+v%E2%80%9D%2E+In+Karlos+Arreg%2C+Benjamin+Bruening%2C+Cornelia+Krause+%26+Vivian+Lin+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Papers+on+morphology+and+syntax%2C+cycle+one+33+%28MIT+working+papers+in+linguistics%29%2C+1%E2%80%9325%2E)
5. Arad, Maya. 2002. Hebrew lexical causatives. In Jamal Ouhalla & Ur Shlonsky (eds.), Themes in Arabic and Hebrew Syntax, 241–266. Dordrecht: Kluwer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0351-3_9 Arad, Maya. 2003. Locality constraints on the interpretation of roots: The case of Hebrew denominal verbs. Natural language & linguistic theory 21. 737–778. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1023/A:1025533719905 Arad, Maya. 2005. Roots and patterns: Hebrew morpho-syntax. Dordrecht: Springer. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0351-3_9)
6. Arbaoui, Nora. 2010. Les dix formes de l’arabe classique à l’interface Phonologie-Syntaxe – pour une déconstruction du gabarit. Denis-Diderot, Paris: Université Paris Diderot dissertation. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Arbaoui%2C+Nora%2E+2010%2E+Les+dix+formes+de+l%E2%80%99arabe+classique+%C3%A0+l%E2%80%99interface+Phonologie%2DSyntaxe+%E2%80%93+pour+une+d%C3%A9construction+du+gabarit%2E+Denis%2DDiderot%2C+Paris%3A+Universit%C3%A9+Paris+Diderot+dissertation%2E)
7. Baker, Mark. 1988. Incorporation: A theory of grammatical function changing. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Baker%2C+Mark%2E+1988%2E+Incorporation%3A+A+theory+of+grammatical+function+changing%2E+Chicago%2C+IL%3A+University+of+Chicago+Press%2E)
8. Benmamoun, Elabbas. 2000. Reciprocals as plurals in Arabic. In Jacquelin Lecarme (ed.), Research in Afroasiatic Grammar II, 53–62. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1075/cilt.241.05ben Borer, Hagit. 1995. The ups and downs of Hebrew verb movement. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 13. 527–606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992740 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.241.05ben)
9. Bowers, John. 2002. Transitivity. Linguistic Inquiry 33. 183–224. DOI: https://doi.org/10. 1162/002438902317406696 Chomsky, Noam. 1995. The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [↗](https://doi.org/10.)
10. Collins, Chris. 2005. A smuggling approach to the passive in English. Syntax 8(2). 81–120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2005.00076.x [↗](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2005.00076.x)
11. Cuervo, María Cristina. 2003. Datives at Large. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology dissertation. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Cuervo%2C+Mar%C3%ADa+Cristina%2E+2003%2E+Datives+at+Large%2E+Cambridge%2C+MA%3A+Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology+dissertation%2E)
12. Doron, Edit. 2003. Agency and voice: The semantics of Semitic templates. Natural Language Semantics 11. 1–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023021423453 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023021423453)
13. Embick, David. 2004. On the structure of resultative participles in English. Linguistic Inquiry 35(3). 355–392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389041402634 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389041402634)
14. Embick, David. 2010. Localism versus globalism in morphology and phonology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262014229.001.0001 [↗](https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262014229.001.0001)
15. Fassi-Fehri, Abdelkader. 2003. Verbal plurality, transitivity, and causativity. In Jacquelin Lecarme (ed.), Research in Afroasiatic Grammar II, 151–186. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.241.10feh [↗](https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.241.10feh)
16. Greenberg, Joseph. 1991. The Semitic “Intensive” as verbal plurality. In Alan S. Kaye (ed.), Semitic studies in honor of Wolf Leslau on the occasion of his eighty-fifth birthday, November 14th, 1991, 577–587. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Greenberg%2C+Joseph%2E+1991%2E+The+Semitic+%E2%80%9CIntensive%E2%80%9D+as+verbal+plurality%2E+In+Alan+S%2E+Kaye+%28ed%2E%29%2C+Semitic+studies+in+honor+of+Wolf+Leslau+on+the+occasion+of+his+eighty%2Dfifth+birthday%2C+November+14th%2C+1991%2C+)
17. Hale, Kenneth & Samuel Jay Keyser. 1993. On argument structure and the lexical expression of syntactic relations. In Kenneth Hale & Samuel Jay Keyser (eds.) The view from building 20, 53–109. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hale%2C+Kenneth+%26+Samuel+Jay+Keyser%2E+1993%2E+On+argument+structure+and+the+lexical+expression+of+syntactic+relations%2E+In+Kenneth+Hale+%26+Samuel+Jay+Keyser+%28eds%2E%29+The+view+from+building+20%2C+53%E2%80%93109%2E+Cambridg)
18. Halle, Morris & Alec Marantz. 1993. Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. In Kenneth Hale & Samuel Jay Keyser (eds.), The view from building 20. 111–176. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Halle%2C+Morris+%26+Alec+Marantz%2E+1993%2E+Distributed+morphology+and+the+pieces+of+inflection%2E+In+Kenneth+Hale+%26+Samuel+Jay+Keyser+%28eds%2E%29%2C+The+view+from+building+20%2E+111%E2%80%93176%2E+Cambridge%2C+MA%3A+MIT+Press%2E)
19. Harley, Heidi. 1995. Subjects, events and licensing. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology dissertation. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Harley%2C+Heidi%2E+1995%2E+Subjects%2C+events+and+licensing%2E+Cambridge%2C+MA%3A+Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology+dissertation%2E)
20. Harley, Heidi. 2009. The morphology of nominalizations and the syntax of vP. In Monika Rathert & Anastasia Giannakidou (eds.), Quantification, definiteness and nominalization, 320–342. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Harley%2C+Heidi%2E+2009%2E+The+morphology+of+nominalizations+and+the+syntax+of+vP%2E+In+Monika+Rathert+%26+Anastasia+Giannakidou+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Quantification%2C+definiteness+and+nominalization%2C+320%E2%80%93342%2E+Oxford%3A+Oxford+)
21. Harley, Heidi. 2013. External arguments and the Mirror Principle: On the distinctness of Voice and v. Lingua 125. 34–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2012.09.010 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2012.09.010)
22. Harley, Heidi. 2014a. On the identity of roots. Theoretical linguistics 40. 225–276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2014-0024 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2014-0024)
23. Harley, Heidi. 2014b. Reply to commentaries, “on the identity of roots”. Theoretical linguistics 40. 447–474. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2014-0024 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2014-0024)
24. Harley, Heidi. 2017. The “bundling” hypothesis and the disparate functions of l ittle v. In Roberta D’Alessandro, Irene Franco & Angél J. Gallego (eds.), The verbal domain, 3–28. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/97801987 67886.003.0001 Holes, Clive. 1990. Gulf Arabic. London: Routledge. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780​1987​)
25. Hung, Henrietta. 1988. The structure of derived nouns and verbs in Malagasy: A syntactic account. Unpublished manuscript. Montreal: McGill University. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hung%2C+Henrietta%2E+1988%2E+The+structure+of+derived+nouns+and+verbs+in+Malagasy%3A+A+syntactic+account%2E+Unpublished+manuscript%2E+Montreal%3A+McGill+University%2E)
26. Kastner, Itamar. 2016. Form and meaning in the Hebrew verb. New York City, NY: New York University dissertation. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kastner%2C+Itamar%2E+2016%2E+Form+and+meaning+in+the+Hebrew+verb%2E+New+York+City%2C+NY%3A+New+York+University+dissertation%2E)
27. Kastner, Itamar. 2018. Templatic morphology as an emergent property: Roots and functional heads in Hebrew. Natural language and linguistic theory 37(2). 571–619. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-018-9419-y [↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-018-9419-y)
28. Kayne, Richard. 1975. French syntax: The transformational cycle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kayne%2C+Richard%2E+1975%2E+French+syntax%3A+The+transformational+cycle%2E+Cambridge%3A+Cambridge+University+Press%2E)
29. Kayne, Richard. 1988. “Romance se/si”. GLOW newsletter 20. 33. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kayne%2C+Richard%2E+1988%2E+%E2%80%9CRomance+se%2Fsi%E2%80%9D%2E+GLOW+newsletter+20%2E+33%2E)
30. Kayne, Richard. 1994. The antisymmetry of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kayne%2C+Richard%2E+1994%2E+The+antisymmetry+of+syntax%2E+Cambridge%2C+MA%3A+MIT+Press%2E)
31. Key, Gregory. 2013. The morphosyntax of the Turkish causative construction. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona dissertation. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Key%2C+Gregory%2E+2013%2E+The+morphosyntax+of+the+Turkish+causative+construction%2E+Tucson%2C+AZ%3A+University+of+Arizona+dissertation%2E)
32. Koopman, Hilda. 1992. On the absence of case chains in Bambara. Natural language and Linguistic theory 10. 555–594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00133330 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00133330)
33. Koopman, Hilda Judith & Anna Szabolcsi. 2000. Verbal complexes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7090.001.0001 [↗](https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7090.001.0001)
34. Kouloughli, Djamel Eddine. 1994. Grammaire de l’ arab d’aujourdhui. Paris: Pocket. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kouloughli%2C+Djamel+Eddine%2E+1994%2E+Grammaire+de+l%E2%80%99+arab+d%E2%80%99aujourdhui%2E+Paris%3A+Pocket%2E)
35. Kratzer, Angelika. 1994. The event argument and the semantics of Voice. Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kratzer%2C+Angelika%2E+1994%2E+The+event+argument+and+the+semantics+of+Voice%2E+Unpublished+manuscript%2C+University+of+Massachusetts+at+Amherst%2E)
36. Kratzer, Angelika. 1996. Severing the external argument from its verb. In Johan Rooryck & Laurie Zaring (eds.), Phrase structure and the lexicon, 109–137. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8617-7_5 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8617-7_5)
37. Larson, Richard. 1988. On the double object construction. Linguistic inquiry 19(3). 335– 391. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Larson%2C+Richard%2E+1988%2E+On+the+double+object+construction%2E+Linguistic+inquiry+19%283%29%2E+335%E2%80%93+391%2E)
38. Marantz, Alec. 1984. On the nature of grammatical relations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Marantz%2C+Alec%2E+1984%2E+On+the+nature+of+grammatical+relations%2E+Cambridge%2C+MA%3A+MIT+Press%2E)
39. Marantz, Alec. 1985. Lexical decomposition vs. affixes as syntactic constituents, Papers from the parasession on causatives and agentivity at CLS 21, 154–171. Chicago, IL: C hicago Linguistics Society. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Marantz%2C+Alec%2E+1985%2E+Lexical+decomposition+vs%2E+affixes+as+syntactic+constituents%2C+Papers+from+the+parasession+on+causatives+and+agentivity+at+CLS+21%2C+154%E2%80%93171%2E+Chicago%2C+IL%3A+C+hicago+Linguistics+Society)
40. Marantz, Alec. 1997. No escape from syntax: Don’t try morphological analysis in the privacy of your own lexicon. In Alexis Dimitriadis, Laura Siegel, Clarissa Surek-Clark & Alexander Williams (eds.), University of Pennsylvania Working Papers 4(2). 201–225. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Marantz%2C+Alec%2E+1997%2E+No+escape+from+syntax%3A+Don%E2%80%99t+try+morphological+analysis+in+the+privacy+of+your+own+lexicon%2E+In+Alexis+Dimitriadis%2C+Laura+Siegel%2C+Clarissa+Surek%2DClark+%26+Alexander+Williams+%28eds%2E%29%2C+)
41. Marantz, Alec. 2001. Words. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Marantz%2C+Alec%2E+2001%2E+Words%2E)
42. WCCFL XX Handout, USC, February 2001. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=WCCFL+XX+Handout%2C+USC%2C+February+2001%2E)
43. Marantz, Alec. 2013a. Locality domains for contextual allomorphy across the interfaces. In Ora Matushansky & Alec Marantz (eds.), Distributed morphology today: Morphemes for Morris Halle, 95–115. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/ mitpress/9780262019675.003.0006 McCarthy, John. 1979. Formal problems in Semitic Phonology and Morphology. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology dissertation. [↗](https://doi.org/10.7551/)
44. McCarthy, John. 1981. A prosodic theory of nonconcatenative morphology. Linguistic inquiry 12(3). 373–418. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=McCarthy%2C+John%2E+1981%2E+A+prosodic+theory+of+nonconcatenative+morphology%2E+Linguistic+inquiry+12%283%29%2E+373%E2%80%93418%2E)
45. McCarthy, John & Alan Prince. 1990. Prosodic morphology and templatic morphology. In Mushira Eid & John McCarthy (eds.), Perspectives on Arabic linguistics II: papers from the second annual symposium on Arabic linguistics, 1–54. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.72.05mcc [↗](https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.72.05mcc)
46. McGinnis, Martha. 2001. Variation in the phase structure of applicatives. In Pierre Pica & Johan Rooryck (eds.), Linguistic variations yearbook 1. 105–146. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/livy.1.06mcg [↗](https://doi.org/10.1075/livy.1.06mcg)
47. Merchant, Jason. 2008. An asymmetry in voice mismatches in VP-ellipsis and pseudogapping. Linguistic Inquiry 39(1). 169–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/ling.2008.39. 1.169 Prince, Alan & Paul Smolensky. 1993/2004. Optimality theory: Constraint interaction in Generative grammar. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Revision of 1993 technical report, Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science. ROA 537. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1162/ling.2008.​39.​)
48. Pylkkänen, Liina. 2008. Introducing arguments. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262162548.001.0001 Qafisheh, Hamdi A. 1977. A short reference grammar of Gulf Arabic. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. [↗](https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262162548.001.0001)
49. Ryding, Karin C. 2005. A reference grammar of Modern Standard Arabic. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486975 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511486975)
50. Schadeberg, Thilo C. 2003. Derivation. In Derek Nurse & Gérard Philippson (eds.), The Bantu Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 71–89. London & New York: Routledge. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Schadeberg%2C+Thilo+C%2E+2003%2E+Derivation%2E+In+Derek+Nurse+%26+G%C3%A9rard+Philippson+%28eds%2E%29%2C+The+Bantu+Languages+%28Routledge+Language+Family+Series%29%2C+71%E2%80%9389%2E+London+%26+New+York%3A+Routledge%2E)
51. Schäfer, Florian. 2008. The syntax of (anti-)causatives. External arguments in change-of-state contexts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/la.126 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1075/la.126)
52. Sells, Peter, Annie Zaenen & Draga Zec. 1987. Reflexivization variation: Relations between syntax, semantics and lexical structure, in Massayo Iida, Stephen Wexler & Draga Zec (eds.), Working papers in grammatical theory and discourse structure. Stanford: CSLI Publications. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sells%2C+Peter%2C+Annie+Zaenen+%26+Draga+Zec%2E+1987%2E+Reflexivization+variation%3A+Relations+between+syntax%2C+semantics+and+lexical+structure%2C+in+Massayo+Iida%2C+Stephen+Wexler+%26+Draga+Zec+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Working+papers+i)
53. Shibatani, Masayoshi. 1996. Applicatives and benefactives: A cognitive account. In Masayoshi Shibatani & Sandra A. Thompson (eds.), Grammatical constructions: Their form and meaning, 157–194. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Shibatani%2C+Masayoshi%2E+1996%2E+Applicatives+and+benefactives%3A+A+cognitive+account%2E+In+Masayoshi+Shibatani+%26+Sandra+A%2E+Thompson+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Grammatical+constructions%3A+Their+form+and+meaning%2C+157%E2%80%93194%2E+Oxford%3A+)
54. Starke, Michal. 2009. Nanosyntax: A short primer to a new approach to language. Nordlyd 36(1). 1–6. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Starke%2C+Michal%2E+2009%2E+Nanosyntax%3A+A+short+primer+to+a+new+approach+to+language%2E+Nordlyd+36%281%29%2E+1%E2%80%936%2E)
55. Travis, Lisa. 1991. Parameters of phrase structure and V2 phenomena. In Noam Chomsky & Robert Freidin (eds.), Principles and parameters in comparative grammar, 339–364. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Travis%2C+Lisa%2E+1991%2E+Parameters+of+phrase+structure+and+V2+phenomena%2E+In+Noam+Chomsky+%26+Robert+Freidin+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Principles+and+parameters+in+comparative+grammar%2C+339%E2%80%93364%2E+Cambridge%2C+MA%3A+MIT+Press%2E)
56. Travis, Lisa. 2000. The l-syntax/s-syntax boundary: Evidence from Austronesian. In Ileana Paul, Vivianne Phillips & Lisa Travis (eds.), Formal issues in Austronesian linguistics (Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 49), 167–194. Dordrecht: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1580-5_9 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1580-5_9)
57. Travis, Lisa. 2010. Inner aspect: The articulation of VP. Dordrecht: Springer. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8550-4 Tucker, Matthew. 2010. Iraqi Arabic verbs: The need for roots and prosody. In Mary Byram (ed.), Proceedings of the 28th West Coast conference on formal linguistics. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8550-4)
58. Wallace, Katherine. 2013. A concatenative approach to Semitic templatic morphology. Ms. NYU. lingbuzz/002299. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Wallace%2C+Katherine%2E+2013%2E+A+concatenative+approach+to+Semitic+templatic+morphology%2E+Ms%2E+NYU%2E+lingbuzz%2F002299%2E)
59. Wright, Willaim. 1896. A grammar of the Arabic language. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Wright%2C+Willaim%2E+1896%2E+A+grammar+of+the+Arabic+language%2E+Cambridge%2C+MA%3A+Cambridge+University+Press%2E)
60. Younes, Munther. 2000. Redundancy and productivity in Palestinian Arabic verb derivation. In Manwel Mifsud (ed.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference of AïDA 13. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Younes%2C+Munther%2E+2000%2E+Redundancy+and+productivity+in+Palestinian+Arabic+verb+derivation%2E+In+Manwel+Mifsud+%28ed%2E%29%2C+Proceedings+of+the+Third+International+Conference+of+A%C3%AFDA+13%2E)
61. How to cite this article: Al Kaabi, Meera and Dimitrios Ntelitheos. 2019. Rethinking templates: A syntactic analysis of verbal morphology in Emirati Arabic. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 4(1): 132. 1–46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.428 [↗](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.428) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2019-kaabi-rethinking-templates-syntactic-analysis-verbal/)
62. Accepted: 20 September 2019 [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Accepted%3A+20+September+2019)
63. Published: 25 November 2019 [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Published%3A+25+November+2019)
64. Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Glossa: a journal of general linguistics is a peer-reviewed open access journal published by Ubiquity Press. OPEN ACCESS [↗](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)