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# Feature Deletion by Head Movement: A New Solution to Agreement Asymmetries in Modern Standard Arabic

**Authors:** Anke Himmelreich · **Year:** 2023 · **Venue:** Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 8(1) **Link:** [glossa-journal.org/article/id/5731](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/id/5731/) · library `lingbulk-2023-himmelreich-feature-deletion-head-movement-new` · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

[**1** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4380344875) openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14[Glossa: a journal of general linguistics](https://openalex.org/S4210226983)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5731)
- [PDF](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/5731/galley/23213/download)
- [DOI 10.16995/glossa.5731](https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5731)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4380344875)

**Authors (1)**

1. Himmelreich, Anke [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9877-4490)

Citations and author metrics from openalex-snapshot (2026-10-14); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

In Modern Standard Arabic the verb agrees in number with a preverbal subject but not with a postverbal one, while person and gender agreement are not affected in the same way. Syntactic accounts overgenerate because they need both a preverbal and a postverbal subject position, and morphological accounts undergenerate because they require linear adjacency. Himmelreich proposes that verb movement to T checks the EPP feature, and that this check deletes the verb's number feature (complex head feature deletion). Constructions with the auxiliary kaana show full agreement without a postverbal subject, and the account derives five observations: number (not gender or person) is affected, it depends on linear order, it needs no adjacency, only subjects agree, and pronouns differ from full noun phrases. The paper reports no counts or measurements; the evidence is judged examples checked with MSA speakers.

## Ideas

- I1. Verb-initial clauses: when the verb precedes its subject and carries no number, the frame builder should record "number unchecked", not "agreement mismatch". The event reader should then not use the verb's number to pick the subject.
- I2. A minimal-pair test set built from the paper's examples (SV with number agreement against VS with the singular default; kaana constructions) and run on any agreement check that Mova builds for Arabic.
- I3. Pronoun versus full noun phrase: the paper's claim that pronominal subjects move obligatorily to the preverbal position is a rule that a parser could predict from pronoun status, and a measurable prediction on a treebank.

## For Mova

I1 belongs in the frame builder (`prag`) once Arabic enters the pipeline, and in the event reader of `world`. I2 is a test set for `treebanks/ar` and for the agreement check. I3 is a question for [Syntax: the clause and the sentence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/08-syntax/) (verb-initial clauses): to be tested on the Biblical Hebrew data, not taken from this paper, which does not discuss Hebrew.

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.16995/glossa.5731](https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5731)

```
@article{himmelreich2023feature,
  title = {{Feature Deletion by Head Movement: A New Solution to Agreement Asymmetries in Modern Standard Arabic}},
  author = {Himmelreich, Anke},
  journal = {Glossa: a journal of general linguistics},
  year = {2023},
  doi = {10.16995/glossa.5731},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5731}
}
```

- [← previous Analogy in Contact: Modeling Maltese Plural Inflection](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2023-court-analogy-contact-modeling-maltese-plural/)
- [next → Stem Configurations, Lexical Items, and Phonological Words in Maltese](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lingbulk-2023-puech-stem-configurations-lexical-items-phonological/)
- [↑ back to Semitic languages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/sem/)

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