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# Papers

One page per scientific work Mova uses: a summary in our own words, the link, authors, the license of the paper, how Mova uses it, and how much it helped. The «Effect» column: **measured** marks a page that reports a number from Mova's own experiments, including ideas that did not help; the others describe the role of the work (a rule source, a design, background) and say it was not measured separately.

The papers themselves are not copied here; follow the links. Summaries are written from the cards of the internal Elamur Research library 🦉.

105 works.

| Work | Authors | Year | Effect |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Estimating POS Annotation Consistency of Different Treebanks in a Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aggarwal-2020-estimating-pos-annotation-consistency-different/) | Akshay Aggarwal, Daniel Zeman | 2020 |  |
| [Instance-Based Learning Algorithms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aha-1991-instance-based-learning-algorithms/) | David W. Aha, Dennis Kibler, Marc K. Albert | 1991 | **measured** |
| [Cutting Through the Noise: Boosting LLM Performance on Math Word Problems](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/anantheswaran-2024-cutting-through-noise-boosting-llm/) | Ujjwala Anantheswaran et al. | 2024 | **measured** |
| [Algorithms for Scoring Coreference Chains](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bagga-1998-algorithms-scoring-coreference-chains/) | Amit Bagga, Breck Baldwin | 1998 | **measured** |
| [CogNIAC: A Discourse Processing Engine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/baldwin-1995-cogniac-discourse-processing-engine/) | Breck Baldwin | 1995 |  |
| [CogNIAC: high precision coreference with limited knowledge and linguistic resources](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/baldwin-1997-cogniac-high-precision-coreference-limited/) | Breck Baldwin | 1997 |  |
| [Curriculum Learning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bengio-2009-curriculum-learning/) | Yoshua Bengio et al. | 2009 | **measured** |
| [Pre-annotation Matters: A Comparative Study on POS and Dependency Annotation for an Alsatian Dialect](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bernhard-2025-pre-annotation-matters-comparative-study/) | Delphine Bernhard, Nathanaël Beiner, Barbara Hoff | 2025 |  |
| [Universal Dependencies for Learner English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/berzak-2016-universal-dependencies-learner-english/) | Yevgeni Berzak et al. | 2016 |  |
| [TnT – A Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagger](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/brants-2000-tnt-statistical-part-speech-tagger/) | Thorsten Brants | 2000 | **measured** |
| [Bagging Predictors](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/breiman-1996-bagging-predictors/) | Leo Breiman | 1996 |  |
| [The Grammar of English Grammars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/brown-1851-grammar-english-grammars/) | Goold Brown | 1851 (10th ed. 1880 used, Project Gutenberg #11615) |  |
| [Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/brown-1987-politeness-some-universals-language-usage/) | Penelope Brown, Stephen C. Levinson | 1987 |  |
| [Automatic Annotation and Evaluation of Error Types for Grammatical Error Correction](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bryant-2017-automatic-annotation-evaluation-error-types/) | Christopher Bryant, Mariano Felice, Ted Briscoe | 2017 |  |
| [The BEA-2019 Shared Task on Grammatical Error Correction](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bryant-2019-bea-2019-shared-task-grammatical/) | Christopher Bryant et al. | 2019 |  |
| [Categorization and Representation of Physics Problems by Experts and Novices](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/chi-1981-categorization-representation-physics-problems-experts/) | Michelene T. H. Chi, Paul J. Feltovich, Robert Glaser | 1981 |  |
| [Classifying Syntactic Errors in Learner Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/choshen-2020-classifying-syntactic-errors-learner-language/) | Leshem Choshen, Dmitry Nikolaev, Yevgeni Berzak, Omri Abend | 2020 |  |
| [Discriminative Reranking for Natural Language Parsing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/collins-2000-discriminative-reranking-natural-language-parsing/) | Michael Collins | 2000 | **measured** |
| [Discriminative Training Methods for Hidden Markov Models: Theory and Experiments with Perceptron Algorithms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/collins-2002-discriminative-training-methods-hidden-markov/) | Michael Collins | 2002 | **measured** |
| [Incremental Parsing with the Perceptron Algorithm](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/collins-2004-incremental-parsing-perceptron-algorithm/) | Michael Collins, Brian Roark | 2004 | **measured** |
| [«Are you Afraid of Ghosts?» A Proposal for Busting Predicate Ellipsis in Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/corbetta-2025-guillemotleftare-you-afraid-ghosts-guillemotright/) | Claudia Corbetta, Federica Iurescia, Marco Carlo Passarotti | 2025 |  |
| [A Grammar of the English Language, Vol. III: Syntax](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/curme-1931-grammar-english-language-vol/) | George O. Curme | 1931 |  |
| [Syntax of referents of relative markers: Evidence from a corpus of learner English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/czerniak-2025-syntax-referents-relative-markers-evidence/) | Izabela Czerniak, Debopam Das | 2025 |  |
| [IGTree: Using Trees for Compression and Classification in Lazy Learning Algorithms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/daelemans-1997-igtree-trees-compression-classification-lazy/) | Walter Daelemans, Antal van den Bosch, Ton Weijters | 1997 | **measured** |
| [ICLE-RC: International Corpus of Learner English for Relative Clauses](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/das-2025-icle-rc-international-corpus-learner/) | Debopam Das, Izabela Czerniak, Peter Bourgonje | 2025 |  |
| [Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/demarneffe-2021-universal-dependencies/) | Marie-Catherine de Marneffe et al. | 2021 |  |
| [Correcting Dependency Annotation Errors](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/dickinson-2009-correcting-dependency-annotation-errors/) | Markus Dickinson | 2009 |  |
| [On Grammaticality in the Syntactic Annotation of Learner Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/dickinson-2015-grammaticality-syntactic-annotation-learner-language/) | Markus Dickinson, Marwa Ragheb | 2015 |  |
| [Identifying and Handling Cross-Treebank Inconsistencies in UD: A Pilot Study](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/donicke-2020-identifying-handling-cross-treebank-inconsistencies/) | Tillmann Dönicke, Xiang Yu, Jonas Kuhn | 2020 |  |
| [An Argument for Basic Emotions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ekman-1992-argument-basic-emotions/) | Paul Ekman | 1992 |  |
| [Negation in Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/findlay-2025-negation-universal-dependencies/) | Jamie Yates Findlay, Dag Trygve Truslew Haug | 2025 |  |
| [A Dictionary of Modern English Usage](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/fowler-1926-dictionary-modern-english-usage/) | H. W. Fowler | 1926 (1st edition) |  |
| [Assessing the Agreement Competence of Large Language Models](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/garcia-2025-assessing-agreement-competence-large-language/) | Alba Táboas García, Leo Wanner | 2025 |  |
| [Evaluating Models' Local Decision Boundaries via Contrast Sets](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/gardner-2020-evaluating-models-local-decision-boundaries/) | Matt Gardner et al. | 2020 | **measured** |
| [LLM Dependency Parsing with In-Context Rules](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ginn-2025-llm-dependency-parsing-context-rules/) | Michael Ginn, Alexis Palmer | 2025 |  |
| [Applying Occam's Razor to Transformer-Based Dependency Parsing: What Works, What Doesn't, and What is Really Necessary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/grunewald-2021-applying-occam-s-razor-transformer/) | Stefan Grünewald, Annemarie Friedrich, Jonas Kuhn | 2021 | **measured** |
| [Coordinate Constructions in English Enhanced Universal Dependencies: Analysis and Computational Modeling](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/grunewald-2021-coordinate-constructions-english-enhanced-universal/) | Stefan Grünewald, Prisca Piccirilli, Annemarie Friedrich | 2021 |  |
| [Simple Coreference Resolution with Rich Syntactic and Semantic Features](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/haghighi-2009-simple-coreference-resolution-rich-syntactic/) | Aria Haghighi, Dan Klein | 2009 |  |
| [Resolving Pronoun References](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hobbs-1978-resolving-pronoun-references/) | Jerry R. Hobbs | 1978 | **measured** |
| [Collocational bootstrapping: A hypothesis about the learning of subject-verb agreement in humans and neural networks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hobbs-2026-collocational-bootstrapping-hypothesis-about-learning/) | Claire Hobbs, R. Thomas McCoy | 2026 |  |
| [A Good Part-of-Speech Tagger in about 200 Lines of Python](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/honnibal-2013-good-part-of-speech-tagger/) | Matthew Honnibal | 2013 |  |
| [Learning to Solve Arithmetic Word Problems with Verb Categorization](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hosseini-2014-learning-solve-arithmetic-word-problems/) | Mohammad Javad Hosseini et al. | 2014 |  |
| [Structured Perceptron with Inexact Search](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/huang-2012-structured-perceptron-inexact-search/) | Liang Huang, Suphan Fayong, Yang Guo | 2012 | **measured** |
| [The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/huddleston-2002-cambridge-grammar-english-language/) | Rodney Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum (and collaborators) | 2002 (cited in Mova as "Huddleston & Pullum 2001") |  |
| [COMET-ATOMIC 2020: On Symbolic and Neural Commonsense Knowledge Graphs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hwang-2020-comet-atomic-2020-symbolic-neural/) | Jena D. Hwang et al. | 2020 (arXiv) / 2021 (AAAI) | **measured** |
| [Hedging in Scientific Research Articles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hyland-1998-hedging-scientific-research-articles/) | Ken Hyland | 1998 | **measured** |
| [A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, Parts II–VI](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/jespersen-1914-modern-english-grammar-historical/) | Otto Jespersen | 1914–1942 (Part II 1914) |  |
| [The Philosophy of Grammar](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/jespersen-1924-philosophy-grammar/) | Otto Jespersen | 1924 |  |
| [Learning to Reason Deductively: Math Word Problem Solving as Complex Relation Extraction](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/jie-2022-learning-reason-deductively-math-word/) | Zhanming Jie, Jierui Li, Wei Lu | 2022 | **measured** |
| [Minor changes make a difference: a case study on the consistency of UD-based dependency parsers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/kalpakchi-2021-minor-changes-make-difference-case/) | Dmytro Kalpakchi, Johan Boye | 2021 |  |
| [Parsing the Switch: LLM-Based UD Annotation for Complex Code-Switched and Low-Resource Languages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/kellert-2025-parsing-switch-llm-based-ud/) | Olga Kellert et al. | 2025 |  |
| [Targeted Syntactic Evaluation for Grammatical Error Correction](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/koyama-2025-targeted-syntactic-evaluation-grammatical-error/) | Aomi Koyama et al. | 2025 |  |
| [A Handbook of Present-Day English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/kruisinga-1925-handbook-present-day-english/) | Etsko Kruisinga | 1925 (Part I, 4th ed.); Part II, 5th ed. 1931–1932 |  |
| [A Dependency Treebank of Spoken Second Language English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/kyle-2022-dependency-treebank-spoken-second-language/) | Kristopher Kyle et al. | 2022 |  |
| [Hedges: A Study in Meaning Criteria and the Logic of Fuzzy Concepts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lakoff-1973-hedges-study-meaning-criteria/) | George Lakoff | 1973 |  |
| [An Algorithm for Pronominal Anaphora Resolution](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lappin-1994-algorithm-pronominal-anaphora-resolution/) | Shalom Lappin, Herbert J. Leass | 1994 |  |
| [Deterministic Coreference Resolution Based on Entity-Centric, Precision-Ranked Rules](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lee-2013-deterministic-coreference-resolution-based-entity/) | Heeyoung Lee et al. | 2013 | **measured** |
| [On Coreference Resolution Performance Metrics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/luo-2005-coreference-resolution-performance-metrics/) | Xiaoqiang Luo | 2005 | **measured** |
| [Evaluating large language models for the tasks of PoS tagging within the Universal Dependency framework](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/machado-2024-evaluating-large-language-models-tasks/) | Mateus Machado, Evandro Ruiz | 2024 |  |
| [Annotating Coordination in the Penn Treebank](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/maier-2012-annotating-coordination-penn-treebank/) | Wolfgang Maier et al. | 2012 |  |
| [The Stanford Typed Dependencies Representation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/marneffe-2008-stanford-typed-dependencies-representation/) | Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Christopher D. Manning | 2008 |  |
| [Assessing the Annotation Consistency of the Universal Dependencies Corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/marneffe-2017-assessing-annotation-consistency-universal-dependencies/) | Marie-Catherine de Marneffe et al. | 2017 |  |
| [Annotating Second Language in Universal Dependencies: a Review of Current Practices and Directions for Harmonized Guidelines](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/masciolini-2025-annotating-second-language-universal-dependencies/) | Arianna Masciolini et al. | 2025 |  |
| [Step-by-step Instructions and a Simple Tabular Output Format Improve the Dependency Parsing Accuracy of LLMs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/matsuda-2025-step-step-instructions-simple-tabular/) | Hiroshi Matsuda, Chunpeng Ma, Masayuki Asahara | 2025 |  |
| [Probing the Dynamics of Syntactic Ability Acquisition Throughout LLM Pretraining](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/matsuda-2026-probing-dynamics-syntactic-ability-acquisition/) | Hiroshi Matsuda, Masayuki Asahara | 2026 |  |
| [An English Grammar: Methodical, Analytical, and Historical](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/matzner-1874-english-grammar-methodical-analytical/) | Eduard Mätzner (translated by C. J. Grece) | 1874 |  |
| [Assessing the Reliability of Statistical Software: Part I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mccullough-1998-assessing-reliability-statistical-software/) | B. D. McCullough | 1998 | **measured** |
| [SPARTQA: A Textual Question Answering Benchmark for Spatial Reasoning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mirzaee-2021-spartqa-textual-question-answering-benchmark/) | Roshanak Mirzaee et al. | 2021 | **measured** |
| [Learning To Use Formulas To Solve Simple Arithmetic Problems](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mitra-2016-learning-use-formulas-solve-simple/) | Arindam Mitra, Chitta Baral | 2016 |  |
| [CorefUD 1.0: Coreference Meets Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/nedoluzhko-2022-corefud-1-0-coreference-meets/) | Anna Nedoluzhko et al. | 2022 |  |
| [Incrementality in Deterministic Dependency Parsing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/nivre-2004-incrementality-deterministic-dependency-parsing/) | Joakim Nivre | 2004 |  |
| [Findings of the Fourth Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution: Can LLMs Dethrone Traditional Approaches?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/novak-2025-findings-fourth-shared-task-multilingual/) | Michal Novák et al. | 2025 |  |
| [Findings of the Fifth Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution: Expanding Datasets for Long-Range Entities](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/novak-2026-findings-fifth-shared-task-multilingual/) | Michal Novák et al. | 2026 |  |
| [Are NLP Models really able to Solve Simple Math Word Problems?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/patel-2021-are-nlp-models-really-able/) | Arkil Patel, Satwik Bhattamishra, Navin Goyal | 2021 |  |
| [All Roads Lead to UD: Converting Stanford and Penn Parses to English Universal Dependencies with Multilayer Annotations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/peng-2018-all-roads-lead-ud-converting/) | Siyao Peng, Amir Zeldes | 2018 |  |
| [Udapi: Universal API for Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/popel-2017-udapi-universal-api-universal-dependencies/) | Martin Popel, Zdeněk Žabokrtský, Martin Vojtek | 2017 |  |
| [A Grammar of Late Modern English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/poutsma-1904-grammar-late-modern-english/) | Hendrik Poutsma | 1904 (first edition; the 5 volumes used are 1914–1929) |  |
| [The Characters of the English Verb (1921); The Infinitive, the Gerund and the Participles of the English Verb (1923)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/poutsma-1921-characters-english-verb/) | Hendrik Poutsma | 1921 and 1923 |  |
| [Scoring Coreference Partitions of Predicted Mentions: A Reference Implementation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/pradhan-2014-scoring-coreference-partitions-predicted-mentions/) | Sameer Pradhan et al. | 2014 | **measured** |
| [Conjunct Lengths in English, Dependency Length Minimization, and Dependency Structure of Coordination](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/przepiorkowski-2023-conjunct-lengths-english-dependency-length/) | Adam Przepiórkowski, Michał Woźniak | 2023 |  |
| [C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/quinlan-1993-c45-programs-machine-learning/) | J. Ross Quinlan | 1993 |  |
| [A Multi-Pass Sieve for Coreference Resolution](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/raghunathan-2010-multi-pass-sieve-coreference-resolution/) | Karthik Raghunathan et al. | 2010 | **measured** |
| [Higher Lessons in English (1877/1886) and Graded Lessons in English (1877)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/reed-1877-higher-lessons-english/) | Alonzo Reed, Brainerd Kellogg | 1877 |  |
| [Solving General Arithmetic Word Problems](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/roy-2015-solving-general-arithmetic-word-problems/) | Subhro Roy, Dan Roth | 2015 | **measured** |
| [Unit Dependency Graph and its Application to Arithmetic Word Problem Solving](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/roy-2017-unit-dependency-graph-arithmetic/) | Subhro Roy, Dan Roth | 2017 | **measured** |
| [Mapping to Declarative Knowledge for Word Problem Solving](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/roy-2018-mapping-declarative-knowledge-word-problem/) | Subhro Roy, Dan Roth | 2018 |  |
| [Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank Project (3rd Revision)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/santorini-1990-part-of-speech-tagging-guidelines-penn-treebank/) | Beatrice Santorini | 1990 |  |
| [Mischievous nominal constructions in Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/schneider-2021-mischievous-nominal-constructions-universal-dependencies/) | Nathan Schneider, Amir Zeldes | 2021 |  |
| [Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/searle-1969-speech-acts/) | John R. Searle | 1969 |  |
| [StepGame: A New Benchmark for Robust Multi-Hop Spatial Reasoning in Texts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/shi-2022-stepgame-new-benchmark-robust-multi/) | Zhengxiang Shi, Qiang Zhang, Aldo Lipani | 2022 | **measured** |
| [Does Universal Dependencies need a parsing representation? An investigation of English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/silveira-2015-does-universal-dependencies-need-parsing/) | Natalia Silveira, Christopher Manning | 2015 |  |
| [A Corpus for Reasoning About Natural Language Grounded in Photographs (NLVR2)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/suhr-2019-corpus-reasoning-natural-language-grounded/) | Alane Suhr et al. | 2019 |  |
| [A New English Grammar, Logical and Historical](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/sweet-1891-new-english-grammar-logical/) | Henry Sweet | 1891 (Part I: Introduction, Phonology and Accidence); Part II: Syntax, 1898 |  |
| [A Model-Theoretic Coreference Scoring Scheme](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/vilain-1995-model-theoretic-coreference-scoring-scheme/) | Marc Vilain et al. | 1995 | **measured** |
| [BLiMP: The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs for English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/warstadt-2020-blimp-benchmark-linguistic-minimal-pairs/) | Alex Warstadt et al. | 2020 |  |
| [Towards AI-Complete Question Answering: A Set of Prerequisite Toy Tasks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/weston-2015-towards-ai-complete-question-answering/) | Jason Weston et al. | 2015 | **measured** |
| [Essentials of English Grammar for the Use of Schools](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/whitney-1877-essentials-english-grammar-use/) | William Dwight Whitney | 1877 |  |
| [Subject-verb agreement with Seq2Seq transformers: Bigger is better, but still not best](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/wilson-2023-subject-verb-agreement-seq2seq-transformers/) | Michael Wilson, Zhenghao Zhou, Robert Frank | 2023 |  |
| [Fantastic Questions and Where to Find Them: FairytaleQA – An Authentic Dataset for Narrative Comprehension](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/xu-2022-fantastic-questions-where-find-them/) | Ying Xu et al. | 2022 |  |
| [How Is LLM Reasoning Distracted by Irrelevant Context? An Analysis Using a Controlled Benchmark](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/yang-2025-llm-reasoning-distracted-irrelevant-context/) | Minglai Yang et al. | 2025 | **measured** |
| [Assessing the influence of attractor-verb distance on grammatical agreement in humans and language models](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/zacharopoulos-2023-assessing-influence-attractor-verb-distance/) | Christos Zacharopoulos, Théo Desbordes, Mathias Sablé-Meyer | 2023 |  |
| [Are UD Treebanks Getting More Consistent? A Report Card for English UD](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/zeldes-2023-are-ud-treebanks-getting-more/) | Amir Zeldes, Nathan Schneider | 2023 |  |
| [STaR: Bootstrapping Reasoning With Reasoning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/zelikman-2022-star-bootstrapping-reasoning-reasoning/) | Eric Zelikman, Yuhuai Wu, Jesse Mu, Noah D. Goodman | 2022 | **measured** |
| [A Tale of Two Parsers: Investigating and Combining Graph-based and Transition-based Dependency Parsing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/zhang-2008-tale-two-parsers-investigating-combining/) | Yue Zhang, Stephen Clark | 2008 | **measured** |
| [Encoding Logical Relations of Chinese Complex Sentences within the Universal Dependencies Framework](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/zhu-2026-encoding-logical-relations-chinese-complex/) | Hongpu Zhu, Hongzhi Xu | 2026 |  |

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