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# West Germanic noun-noun compounds and the morphology-syntax trade-off

**Authors:** Pablo Mosteiro, Damián Blasi, Denis Paperno · **Year:** 2025 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the 22nd SIGMORPHON workshop on Computational Morphology, Phonology, and Phonetics **Link:** [aclanthology.org/2025.sigmorphon-main.2](https://aclanthology.org/2025.sigmorphon-main.2/) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (ACL Anthology)

[**0** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4411119230) openalex · 2026-10-18[Proceedings of the 22nd SIGMORPHON workshop on Computational Morphology, Phonology, and Phonetics](https://aclanthology.org/volumes/2025.sigmorphon-main/)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2025.sigmorphon-main.2/)
- [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2025.sigmorphon-main.2.pdf)
- [DOI 10.18653/v1/2025.sigmorphon-main.2](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.sigmorphon-main.2)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4411119230)

**Authors (3)**

1. [Pablo Mosteiro](https://openalex.org/A5043351016) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-2773) · h 12 · 384 citations · 59 works
2. [Damián Blasi](https://openalex.org/A5070685856) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9885-1414) · h 28 · 4560 citations · 121 works
3. [Denis Paperno](https://openalex.org/A5074570184) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8889-4066) · h 16 · 1326 citations · 123 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

Earlier work on the Parallel Bible Corpus found a trade-off: languages that carry more information in word order carry less in word structure, and vice versa. The paper asks whether English noun-noun compounds, written as separate words, are part of why English sits far from Dutch and German on this plane. The method is a word-pasting procedure: the most frequent noun-noun pairs in English Bible translations are merged into single words in growing steps. After each step, entropy estimates give the information in word order and in word structure. Pasting does shrink the gap between English and the other two languages, but the effect is small and the results are statistically inconclusive. The authors read this as a sign that orthographic word boundaries matter, not as a settled finding.

Note: the local text file holds only page markers, so this card follows the abstract in the library card, not the body.

## Ideas

- I1. `en/src/tok.rs`: add a counted option that joins noun-noun pairs when the pair is frequent in a training corpus and the lexicon (`en/src/dict.rs`) has no entry for the joined form. Keep the counts in BTreeMap order and run twice before any claim.
- I2. Negative control: paste random noun pairs of the same frequency band instead of the most frequent ones. If the effect depends on frequency, the frequent-pair run should differ from the random-pair run; if not, the effect is an artefact.
- I3. Use the order-versus-structure entropy pair as a per-text diagnostic in `tools/roundtrip`, to see whether tree-to-text loss sits in word order or in word spelling.

## For Mova

The chapter is [18. Compounding, conversion and the minor processes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/18-compounding-conversion-minor/) (compounds and their spelling) and [19. The lexicon: vocabulary, multiword expressions and register](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/19-lexicon-mwe-register/) (multi-word units). The code is `en/src/tok.rs` for the joining option and `en/src/lin.rs` for the order tables. The measure: entropy of word order before and after joining, on the same Bible sample, with the random-pair control. The paper's gap is small and inconclusive, so expect a null result unless the control is clean.

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.18653/v1/2025.sigmorphon-main.2](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.sigmorphon-main.2)

```
@inproceedings{mosteiro2025west,
  title = {{West Germanic noun-noun compounds and the morphology-syntax trade-off}},
  author = {Mosteiro, Pablo and Blasi, Damián and Paperno, Denis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd SIGMORPHON workshop on Computational Morphology, Phonology, and Phonetics},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2025.sigmorphon-main.2},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.sigmorphon-main.2}
}
```

- [← previous Historical Outlines of English Accidence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/morris-1872-historical-outlines-english-accidence/)
- [next → Germanic syntax: A constraint-based view](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/muller-2023-germanic-syntax-constraint-based/)
- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)