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[graehl-2004-training-tree-transducers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/graehl-2004-training-tree-transducers/) — Training Tree Transducers - [gruzitis-2017-rigotrio-semeval-2017-task-9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/gruzitis-2017-rigotrio-semeval-2017-task-9/) — RIGOTRIO at SemEval-2017 Task 9: Combining Machine Learning and Grammar Engineering for AMR Parsing and Generation - [habash-2002-generation-heavy-hybrid-machine-translation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/habash-2002-generation-heavy-hybrid-machine-translation/) — Generation-Heavy Hybrid Machine Translation - [hall-2007-generation-machine-translation-deep-syntactic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hall-2007-generation-machine-translation-deep-syntactic/) — Generation in Machine Translation from Deep Syntactic Trees - [haugereid-2012-extracting-semantic-transfer-rules-parallel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/haugereid-2012-extracting-semantic-transfer-rules-parallel/) — Extracting Semantic Transfer Rules from Parallel Corpora with SMT Phrase Aligners - [hearne-2007-capturing-translational-divergences-statistical-tree](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hearne-2007-capturing-translational-divergences-statistical-tree/) — Capturing Translational Divergences with a Statistical Tree-to-Tree Aligner - [heinecke-2026-syntax-is-key-semantics-combining](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/heinecke-2026-syntax-is-key-semantics-combining/) — Syntax is the Key to Semantics: Combining Universal Dependencies and Abstract Meaning Representation - [helmreich-1997-time-eat-peaches-language-specific](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/helmreich-1997-time-eat-peaches-language-specific/) — Time to eat peaches: language-specific information in interlingua - [hennig-2017-dependency-tree-transformation-tree-transducers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hennig-2017-dependency-tree-transformation-tree-transducers/) — Dependency Tree Transformation with Tree Transducers - [hershcovich-2020-comparison-conversion-reverse-engineering-ucca](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hershcovich-2020-comparison-conversion-reverse-engineering-ucca/) — Comparison by Conversion: Reverse-Engineering UCCA from Syntax and Lexical Semantics - [hoang-2025-role-propbank-sense-ids-amr](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hoang-2025-role-propbank-sense-ids-amr/) — The Role of PropBank Sense IDs in AMR-to-text Generation and Text-to-AMR Parsing - [hovy-1992-approximating-interlingua-principled-way](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hovy-1992-approximating-interlingua-principled-way/) — Approximating an Interlingua in a Principled Way - [hovy-1994-pangloss-knowledge-based-machine-translation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hovy-1994-pangloss-knowledge-based-machine-translation/) — PANGLOSS: Knowledge-Based Machine Translation - [huang-2006-statistical-syntax-directed-translation-extended](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/huang-2006-statistical-syntax-directed-translation-extended/) — Statistical Syntax-Directed Translation with Extended Domain of Locality - [huang-2022-unsupervised-syntactically-controlled-paraphrase-generation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/huang-2022-unsupervised-syntactically-controlled-paraphrase-generation/) — Unsupervised Syntactically Controlled Paraphrase Generation with Abstract Meaning Representations - [huang-2023-paraamr-large-scale-syntactically-diverse](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/huang-2023-paraamr-large-scale-syntactically-diverse/) — ParaAMR: A Large-Scale Syntactically Diverse Paraphrase Dataset by AMR Back-Translation - [humboldt-1816-einleitung-zu-aeschylos-agamemnon](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/humboldt-1816-einleitung-zu-aeschylos-agamemnon/) — Einleitung zu Aeschylos Agamemnon metrisch übersetzt (Introduction to the verse translation of Aeschylus' Agamemnon) - [hutchins-1994-research-methods-system-designs-machine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hutchins-1994-research-methods-system-designs-machine/) — Research methods and system designs in machine translation: a ten-year review, 1984-1994 - [hutchins-1995-reflections-history-present-state-mt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hutchins-1995-reflections-history-present-state-mt/) — Reflections on the history and present state of MT - [isabelle-1986-transfer-mt-modularity](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/isabelle-1986-transfer-mt-modularity/) — Transfer and MT Modularity - [isabelle-1989-reversible-mt-systems](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/isabelle-1989-reversible-mt-systems/) — Towards Reversible MT Systems - [isabelle-2017-challenge-set-approach-evaluating-machine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/isabelle-2017-challenge-set-approach-evaluating-machine/) — A Challenge Set Approach to Evaluating Machine Translation - [jangra-2022-t-star-truthful-style-transfer](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/jangra-2022-t-star-truthful-style-transfer/) — T-STAR: Truthful Style Transfer using AMR Graph as Intermediate Representation - [jerome-1893-letter-57-pammachius-best](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/jerome-1893-letter-57-pammachius-best/) — Letter 57, to Pammachius, On the Best Method of Translating - [jhamtani-2017-shakespearizing-modern-language-copy-enriched](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/jhamtani-2017-shakespearizing-modern-language-copy-enriched/) — Shakespearizing Modern Language Using Copy-Enriched Sequence to Sequence Models - [jiang-2016-automatic-cross-lingual-similarization-dependency](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/jiang-2016-automatic-cross-lingual-similarization-dependency/) — Automatic Cross-Lingual Similarization of Dependency Grammars for Tree-based Machine Translation - [jones-2012-semantics-based-machine-translation-hyperedge](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/jones-2012-semantics-based-machine-translation-hyperedge/) — Semantics-Based Machine Translation with Hyperedge Replacement Grammars - [kaplan-1989-translation-structural-correspondences](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/kaplan-1989-translation-structural-correspondences/) — Translation by Structural Correspondences - [kay-1996-chart-generation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/kay-1996-chart-generation/) — Chart Generation - [khegai-2006-grammatical-framework-gf-mt-sublanguage](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/khegai-2006-grammatical-framework-gf-mt-sublanguage/) — Grammatical Framework (GF) for MT in Sublanguage Domains - [king-1990-test-suites-evaluation-machine-translation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/king-1990-test-suites-evaluation-machine-translation/) — Using Test Suites in Evaluation of Machine Translation Systems - [king-2016-enhancing-ptb-universal-dependencies-grammar](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/king-2016-enhancing-ptb-universal-dependencies-grammar/) — Enhancing PTB Universal Dependencies for Grammar-Based Surface Realization - [kirchhoff-2007-semi-automatic-error-analysis-large](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/kirchhoff-2007-semi-automatic-error-analysis-large/) — Semi-automatic error analysis for large-scale statistical machine translation - [konstas-2017-neural-amr-sequence-sequence-models](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/konstas-2017-neural-amr-sequence-sequence-models/) — Neural AMR: Sequence-to-Sequence Models for Parsing and Generation - [krishna-2020-reformulating-unsupervised-style-transfer-as](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/krishna-2020-reformulating-unsupervised-style-transfer-as/) — Reformulating Unsupervised Style Transfer as Paraphrase Generation - [kunz-2017-new-perspectives-cohesion-coherence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/kunz-2017-new-perspectives-cohesion-coherence/) — New perspectives on cohesion and coherence: Implications for translation - [landsbergen-1989-rosetta-project](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/landsbergen-1989-rosetta-project/) — The Rosetta project - [lapalme-2020-jsrealb-text-realizer-organization-use](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lapalme-2020-jsrealb-text-realizer-organization-use/) — The jsRealB Text Realizer: Organization and Use Cases -- Revised version - [lareau-2018-gendr-generic-deep-realizer-complex](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lareau-2018-gendr-generic-deep-realizer-complex/) — GenDR: A Generic Deep Realizer with Complex Lexicalization - [lavie-2004-rapid-prototyping-transfer-based-hebrew](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lavie-2004-rapid-prototyping-transfer-based-hebrew/) — Rapid prototyping of a transfer-based Hebrew-to-English machine translation system - [lavie-2004-trainable-transfer-based-mt-approach](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lavie-2004-trainable-transfer-based-mt-approach/) — A trainable transfer-based MT approach for languages with limited resources - [lavoie-1997-fast-portable-realizer-text-generation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lavoie-1997-fast-portable-realizer-text-generation/) — A Fast and Portable Realizer for Text Generation Systems - [lavoie-2002-learning-domain-specific-transfer-rules](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lavoie-2002-learning-domain-specific-transfer-rules/) — Learning Domain-Specific Transfer Rules: An Experiment with Korean to English Translation - [levin-1994-correct-place-lexical-semantics-interlingual](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/levin-1994-correct-place-lexical-semantics-interlingual/) — The Correct Place of Lexical Semantics in Interlingual MT - [levin-2002-balancing-expressiveness-simplicity-interlingua-task](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/levin-2002-balancing-expressiveness-simplicity-interlingua-task/) — Balancing Expressiveness and Simplicity in an Interlingua for Task Based Dialogue - [li-2018-delete-retrieve-generate-simple-approach](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/li-2018-delete-retrieve-generate-simple-approach/) — Delete, Retrieve, Generate: A Simple Approach to Sentiment and Style Transfer - [liu-2005-syntactic-features-evaluation-machine-translation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/liu-2005-syntactic-features-evaluation-machine-translation/) — Syntactic Features for Evaluation of Machine Translation - [liu-2006-tree-string-alignment-template-statistical](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/liu-2006-tree-string-alignment-template-statistical/) — Tree-to-String Alignment Template for Statistical Machine Translation - [liu-2015-transition-based-syntactic-linearization](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/liu-2015-transition-based-syntactic-linearization/) — Transition-Based Syntactic Linearization - [liu-2021-text-generation-discourse-representation-structures](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/liu-2021-text-generation-discourse-representation-structures/) — Text Generation from Discourse Representation Structures - [lo-2011-meant-inexpensive-high-accuracy-semi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lo-2011-meant-inexpensive-high-accuracy-semi/) — MEANT: An inexpensive, high-accuracy, semi-automatic metric for evaluating translation utility based on semantic roles - [lo-2017-meant-2-0-accurate-semantic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lo-2017-meant-2-0-accurate-semantic/) — MEANT 2.0: Accurate semantic MT evaluation for any output language - [lommel-2013-multidimensional-quality-metrics-flexible-system](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lommel-2013-multidimensional-quality-metrics-flexible-system/) — Multidimensional quality metrics: a flexible system for assessing translation quality - [macketanz-2022-linguistically-motivated-evaluation-2022-state](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/macketanz-2022-linguistically-motivated-evaluation-2022-state/) — Linguistically Motivated Evaluation of the 2022 State-of-the-art Machine Translation Systems for Three Language Directions - [madnani-2010-generating-phrasal-sentential-paraphrases-survey](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/madnani-2010-generating-phrasal-sentential-paraphrases-survey/) — Generating Phrasal and Sentential Paraphrases: A Survey of Data-Driven Methods - [maegaard-1982-transfer-finite-verb-forms-machine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/maegaard-1982-transfer-finite-verb-forms-machine/) — The Transfer of Finite Verb Forms in a Machine Translation System - [maegaard-1995-eurotra-history-results](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/maegaard-1995-eurotra-history-results/) — Eurotra, history and results - [maletti-2010-tree-transducer-model-synchronous-tree](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/maletti-2010-tree-transducer-model-synchronous-tree/) — A Tree Transducer Model for Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars - [maletti-2010-why-synchronous-tree-substitution-grammars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/maletti-2010-why-synchronous-tree-substitution-grammars/) — Why Synchronous Tree Substitution Grammars? - [manchego-2017-learning-how-simplify-explicit-labeling](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/manchego-2017-learning-how-simplify-explicit-labeling/) — Learning How to Simplify From Explicit Labeling of Complex-Simplified Text Pairs - [manning-2019-partially-rule-based-approach-amr](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/manning-2019-partially-rule-based-approach-amr/) — A Partially Rule-Based Approach to AMR Generation - [mansouri-2025-survey-abstract-meaning-representation-then](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mansouri-2025-survey-abstract-meaning-representation-then/) — Survey of Abstract Meaning Representation: Then, Now, Future - [marecek-2016-merged-bilingual-trees-based-universal](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/marecek-2016-merged-bilingual-trees-based-universal/) — Merged bilingual trees based on Universal Dependencies in Machine Translation - [mariana-2015-multidimensional-quality-metrics-mqm-framework](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mariana-2015-multidimensional-quality-metrics-mqm-framework/) — The Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) Framework: a new framework for translation quality assessment - [markle-2025-generating-text-uniform-meaning-representation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/markle-2025-generating-text-uniform-meaning-representation/) — Generating Text from Uniform Meaning Representation - [martinez-2007-automatic-induction-shallow-transfer-rules](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/martinez-2007-automatic-induction-shallow-transfer-rules/) — Automatic induction of shallow-transfer rules for open-source machine translation - [martins-2000-interlingua-aiming-communication-web-how](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/martins-2000-interlingua-aiming-communication-web-how/) — An interlingua aiming at communication on the Web: How language-independent can it be? - [masciolini-2021-grammar-based-concept-alignment-domain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/masciolini-2021-grammar-based-concept-alignment-domain/) — Grammar-Based Concept Alignment for Domain-Specific Machine Translation - [mathur-2020-tangled-up-bleu-reevaluating-evaluation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mathur-2020-tangled-up-bleu-reevaluating-evaluation/) — Tangled up in BLEU: Reevaluating the Evaluation of Automatic Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics - [mccaffery-2016-dted-evaluation-machine-translation-structure](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mccaffery-2016-dted-evaluation-machine-translation-structure/) — DTED: Evaluation of Machine Translation Structure Using Dependency Parsing and Tree Edit Distance - [mccord-1989-design-lmt-prolog-based-machine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mccord-1989-design-lmt-prolog-based-machine/) — Design of LMT: A Prolog-Based Machine Translation System - [menezes-2008-syntactic-models-structural-word-insertion](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/menezes-2008-syntactic-models-structural-word-insertion/) — Syntactic Models for Structural Word Insertion and Deletion during Translation - [merwe-2012-bible-afrikaans-direct-translation-new](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/merwe-2012-bible-afrikaans-direct-translation-new/) — The Bible in Afrikaans: A direct translation – A new type of church Bible - [meya-1990-tenets-interlingual-representation-definite-nps](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/meya-1990-tenets-interlingual-representation-definite-nps/) — Tenets for an Interlingual Representation Definite NPs - [mi-2008-forest-based-translation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mi-2008-forest-based-translation/) — Forest-Based Translation - [mille-2018-first-multilingual-surface-realisation-shared](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mille-2018-first-multilingual-surface-realisation-shared/) — The First Multilingual Surface Realisation Shared Task (SR'18): Overview and Evaluation Results - [mille-2018-underspecified-universal-dependency-structures-as](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mille-2018-underspecified-universal-dependency-structures-as/) — Underspecified Universal Dependency Structures as Inputs for Multilingual Surface Realisation - [mille-2020-third-multilingual-surface-realisation-shared](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mille-2020-third-multilingual-surface-realisation-shared/) — The Third Multilingual Surface Realisation Shared Task (SR'20): Overview and Evaluation Results - [miller-2026-naude-translation-quotative-frames-hebrew-bible](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/miller-2026-naude-translation-quotative-frames-hebrew-bible/) — The Translation of Quotative Frames in the Hebrew Bible - [mitamura-1991-efficient-interlingua-translation-system-multi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mitamura-1991-efficient-interlingua-translation-system-multi/) — An Efficient Interlingua Translation System for Multi-lingual Document Production - [mitamura-1994-kant-knowledge-based-accurate-natural](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mitamura-1994-kant-knowledge-based-accurate-natural/) — KANT: Knowledge-Based, Accurate Natural Language Translation - [mitamura-1995-controlled-english-knowledge-based-mt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mitamura-1995-controlled-english-knowledge-based-mt/) — Controlled English for Knowledge-Based MT: Experience with the KANT System - [narayan-2016-unsupervised-sentence-simplification-deep-semantics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/narayan-2016-unsupervised-sentence-simplification-deep-semantics/) — Unsupervised Sentence Simplification Using Deep Semantics - [naseem-2022-docamr-multi-sentence-amr-representation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/naseem-2022-docamr-multi-sentence-amr-representation/) — DocAMR: Multi-Sentence AMR Representation and Evaluation - [nasr-1997-enriching-lexical-transfer-cross-linguistic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/nasr-1997-enriching-lexical-transfer-cross-linguistic/) — Enriching lexical transfer with cross-linguistic semantic features or how to do interlingua without interlingua - [neumann-1999-interlingual-treatment-modality](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/neumann-1999-interlingual-treatment-modality/) — Towards an interlingual treatment of modality - [nicolai-2021-expanding-jhu-bible-corpus-machine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/nicolai-2021-expanding-jhu-bible-corpus-machine/) — Expanding the JHU Bible Corpus for Machine Translation of the Indigenous Languages of North America - [nirenburg-1986-knowledge-based-machine-translation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/nirenburg-1986-knowledge-based-machine-translation/) — On Knowledge-Based Machine Translation - [nirenburg-1989-kbmt-89-knowledge-based-mt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/nirenburg-1989-kbmt-89-knowledge-based-mt/) — KBMT-89 - A knowledge-based MT project at Carnegie Mellon University - [noord-1990-reversible-unification-based-machine-translation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/noord-1990-reversible-unification-based-machine-translation/) — Reversible Unification Based Machine Translation - [novak-2013-translation-it-deep-syntax-framework](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/novak-2013-translation-it-deep-syntax-framework/) — Translation of "It" in a Deep Syntax Framework - [nyberg-1994-evaluation-metrics-knowledge-based-machine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/nyberg-1994-evaluation-metrics-knowledge-based-machine/) — Evaluation Metrics for Knowledge-Based Machine Translation - [okumura-1991-multi-lingual-sentence-generation-pivot](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/okumura-1991-multi-lingual-sentence-generation-pivot/) — Multi-lingual Sentence Generation from the PIVOT interlingua - [opitz-2021-decomposable-metric-explainable-evaluation-text](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/opitz-2021-decomposable-metric-explainable-evaluation-text/) — Towards a Decomposable Metric for Explainable Evaluation of Text Generation from AMR - [opitz-2021-weisfeiler-leman-bamboo-novel-amr](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/opitz-2021-weisfeiler-leman-bamboo-novel-amr/) — Weisfeiler-Leman in the Bamboo: Novel AMR Graph Metrics and a Benchmark for AMR Graph Similarity - [pagano-2026-syntax-semantics-introducing-umr-nlp](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/pagano-2026-syntax-semantics-introducing-umr-nlp/) — From Syntax to Semantics: Introducing UMR for NLP Annotation - [pang-2003-syntax-based-alignment-multiple-translations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/pang-2003-syntax-based-alignment-multiple-translations/) — Syntax-based Alignment of Multiple Translations: Extracting Paraphrases and Generating New Sentences - [papineni-2002-bleu-method-automatic-evaluation-machine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/papineni-2002-bleu-method-automatic-evaluation-machine/) — Bleu: a Method for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mtrans/)**2**[3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mtrans/page/3/)[4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mtrans/page/4/)