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# Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches

**Authors:** [Stefan Müller](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/stefan-muller/) · **Year:** 2023 · **Venue:** Textbooks in Language Sciences 1, 5th revised edition, Language Science Press (book) **Link:** [zenodo.org/records/7628029](https://zenodo.org/records/7628029) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

grammar-book[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://zenodo.org/records/7628029)
- [PDF](https://zenodo.org/records/7628029/files/380-M%C3%BCller-2023.pdf?download=1)

**Authors (1)**

1. Stefan Müller

Citations and author metrics from OpenAlex (); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

This is a textbook comparing grammatical theories by the same data: the constituency and dependency analyses of English and German sentences. It covers transformational/minimalist grammar, phrase structure grammar, feature descriptions, LFG, categorial grammar, HPSG, construction grammar, dependency grammar and tree-adjoining grammar. Each framework is presented with its own representation of valence, word order, long-distance dependencies and passive, and the book then compares them on how lexical or phrasal the analysis is, on generative capacity, and on empty elements. A chapter on dependency grammar explains how projective dependency trees can be turned into phrase-structure rules by moving the head up one level, and how non-projective trees can be captured in a linearization-based HPSG. The book contains no numbers from experiments; it is a survey with worked examples and exercises.

## Ideas

- I1. `en/src/parse.rs` and `en/src/lin.rs`: test the projective-to-phrase-structure translation the book describes. Convert gold UD trees to head-moved phrase-structure trees and back, and check that every projective tree round-trips exactly. Run twice; any loss is a bug to fix, not a finding.
- I2. Valence as an explicit table: the book treats valence as central in dependency grammar. A table of verb frames in `world` (which complements are required, which are optional) could decide whether a clause has a missing argument, with each decision explained by the frame that failed.
- I3. For non-projective structures (e.g. long-distance extraction in English), add a negative control to the parser evaluation: a corpus of extraction sentences scored separately from the projective ones, so a gain on one does not hide a loss on the other.

## For Mova

The chapters are [23. Complementation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/23-complementation/) (valence and complements), [28. Voice and the passive](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/28-voice-and-passive/) (the passive analyses of chapter 3.4) and [29. Ellipsis, word order and information structure](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/29-ellipsis-word-order-information-structure/) (word order and linearization). The code is `en/src/parse.rs`, `gparse`, `en/src/lin.rs` and `tools/roundtrip`. Measure: exact round-trip of projective UD trees through the translation, and LAS on UD EWT dev split by projective and non-projective sentences.

Topics: [Dependency parsing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/dependency-parsing/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```
@book{muller2023grammatical,
  title = {{Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches}},
  author = {Müller, Stefan},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/records/7628029}
}
```

- [← previous Germanic syntax: A constraint-based view](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/muller-2023-germanic-syntax-constraint-based/)
- [next → English Grammar, Adapted to the Different Classes of Learners, with an Appendix](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/murray-1795-english-grammar-adapted-different/)
- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)

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1000. Müller, Gereon. 2009a. There are no Constructions. Handout Ringvorlesung: Algorithmen und Muster: Strukturen in der Sprache. Freie Universität Berlin, 20. Mai. [https://hpsg.hu-berlin.de/Events/Ring2009/gmueller.pdf](https://hpsg.hu-berlin.de/Events/Ring2009/gmueller.pdf) (23 March, 2022). [↗](https://hpsg.hu-berlin.de/Events/Ring2009/gmueller.pdf)
1001. Müller, Gereon. 2011. Regeln oder Konstruktionen? Von verblosen Direktiven zur sequentiellen Nominalreduplikation. In Stefan Engelberg, Anke Holler & Kristel Proost (eds.), Sprachliches Wissen zwischen Lexikon und Grammatik (Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Jahrbuch 2010), 211–249. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/9783110262339.211. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110262339.211)
1002. Müller, Gereon. 2014a. Syntactic buffers. Linguistische Arbeitsberichte 91. Institut für Linguistic Universität Leipzig. [http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~muellerg/mu765.pdf](http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~muellerg/mu765.pdf) (18 August, 2020). [↗](http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~muellerg/mu765.pdf)
1003. Müller, Natascha & Beate Riemer. 1998. Generative Syntax der romanischen Sprachen: Französisch, Italienisch, Portugiesisch, Spanisch (Stauffenburg Einführungen 17). Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Natascha+%26+Beate+Riemer%2E+1998%2E+Generative+Syntax+der+romanischen+Sprachen%3A+Franz%C3%B6sisch%2C+Italienisch%2C+Portugiesisch%2C+Spanisch+%28Stauffenburg+Einf%C3%BChrungen+17%29%2E+T%C3%BCbingen%3A+Stauffenburg+Verlag%2E)
1004. Müller, Stefan. 1995. Scrambling in German – Extraction into the Mittelfeld. In Benjamin K. T’sou & Tom Bong Yeung Lai (eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation, 79–83. City University of Hong Kong. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+1995%2E+Scrambling+in+German+%E2%80%93+Extraction+into+the+Mittelfeld%2E+In+Benjamin+K%2E+T%E2%80%99sou+%26+Tom+Bong+Yeung+Lai+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Proceedings+of+the+Tenth+Pacific+Asia+Conference+on+Language%2C+Information)
1005. Müller, Stefan. 1996c. The Babel-System: An HPSG fragment for German, a parser, and a dialogue component. In Peter Reintjes (ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Practical Application of Prolog, 263–277. London: Practical Application Company. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+1996c%2E+The+Babel%2DSystem%3A+An+HPSG+fragment+for+German%2C+a+parser%2C+and+a+dialogue+component%2E+In+Peter+Reintjes+%28ed%2E%29%2C+Proceedings+of+the+Fourth+International+Conference+on+the+Practical+A)
1006. Müller, Stefan. 1996d. Yet another paper about partial verb phrase fronting in German. In Jun-ichi Tsujii (ed.), Proceedings of COLING-96: 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING96). Copenhagen, Denmark, August 5–9, 1996, 800–805. Copenhagen, Denmark: Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+1996d%2E+Yet+another+paper+about+partial+verb+phrase+fronting+in+German%2E+In+Jun%2Dichi+Tsujii+%28ed%2E%29%2C+Proceedings+of+COLING%2D96%3A+16th+International+Conference+on+Computational+Linguistics+%28C)
1007. Müller, Stefan. 1999a. An HPSG-analysis for free relative clauses in German. Grammars 2(1). 53–105. DOI: 10.1023/A:1004564801304. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004564801304)
1008. Müller, Stefan. 1999b. Deutsche Syntax deklarativ: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar für das Deutsche (Linguistische Arbeiten 394). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. DOI: 10.1515/9783110915990. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110915990)
1009. Müller, Stefan. 1999c. Parsing of an HPSG grammar for German: word order domains and discontinuous constituents. In Jost Gippert & Peter Olivier (eds.), Multilinguale Corpora: Codierung, Strukturierung, Analyse. 11. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Linguistische Datenverarbeitung, 292–303. Prag: enigma corporation. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+1999c%2E+Parsing+of+an+HPSG+grammar+for+German%3A+word+order+domains+and+discontinuous+constituents%2E+In+Jost+Gippert+%26+Peter+Olivier+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Multilinguale+Corpora%3A+Codierung%2C+Strukturierun)
1010. Müller, Stefan. 1999d. Restricting discontinuity. In Proceedings of the 5th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium 1999 (NLPRS’99), 85–90. Peking. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+1999d%2E+Restricting+discontinuity%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+5th+Natural+Language+Processing+Pacific+Rim+Symposium+1999+%28NLPRS%E2%80%9999%29%2C+85%E2%80%9390%2E+Peking%2E)
1011. Müller, Stefan. 2001. Case in German: Towards an HPSG analysis. In W. Detmar Meurers & Tibor Kiss (eds.), Constraint-based approaches to Germanic syntax (Studies in Constraint-Based Lexicalism 7), 217–255. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2001%2E+Case+in+German%3A+Towards+an+HPSG+analysis%2E+In+W%2E+Detmar+Meurers+%26+Tibor+Kiss+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Constraint%2Dbased+approaches+to+Germanic+syntax+%28Studies+in+Constraint%2DBased+Lexicalism+7%29%2C+217)
1012. Müller, Stefan. 2002a. Complex predicates: Verbal complexes, resultative constructions, and particle verbs in German (Studies in Constraint-Based Lexicalism 13). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2002a%2E+Complex+predicates%3A+Verbal+complexes%2C+resultative+constructions%2C+and+particle+verbs+in+German+%28Studies+in+Constraint%2DBased+Lexicalism+13%29%2E+Stanford%2C+CA%3A+CSLI+Publications%2E)
1013. Müller, Stefan. 2002b. Multiple frontings in German. In Gerhard Jäger, Paola Monachesi, Gerald Penn & Shuly Wintner (eds.), Proceedings of Formal Grammar 2002, 113–124. Trento. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2002b%2E+Multiple+frontings+in+German%2E+In+Gerhard+J%C3%A4ger%2C+Paola+Monachesi%2C+Gerald+Penn+%26+Shuly+Wintner+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Proceedings+of+Formal+Grammar+2002%2C+113%E2%80%93124%2E+Trento%2E)
1014. Müller, Stefan. 2002c. Syntax or morphology: German particle verbs revisited. In Nicole Dehé, Ray Jackendoff, Andrew McIntyre & Silke Urban (eds.), Verb-particle explorations (Interface Explorations 1), 119–139. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/ 9783110902341.119. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2002c%2E+Syntax+or+morphology%3A+German+particle+verbs+revisited%2E+In+Nicole+Deh%C3%A9%2C+Ray+Jackendoff%2C+Andrew+McIntyre+%26+Silke+Urban+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Verb%2Dparticle+explorations+%28Interface+Explorations+1)
1015. Müller, Stefan. 2003a. Mehrfache Vorfeldbesetzung. Deutsche Sprache 31(1). 29–62. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2003a%2E+Mehrfache+Vorfeldbesetzung%2E+Deutsche+Sprache+31%281%29%2E+29%E2%80%9362%2E)
1016. Müller, Stefan. 2003b. Object-to-subject-raising and lexical rule: An analysis of the German passive. In Stefan Müller (ed.), Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Michigan State University, 278–297. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. DOI: 10.21248/hpsg.2003.16. [↗](https://doi.org/10.21248/hpsg.2003.16)
1017. Müller, Stefan. 2003c. Solving the bracketing paradox: An analysis of the morphology of German particle verbs. Journal of Linguistics 39(2). 275–325. DOI: 10 . 1017 / S0022226703002032. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2003c%2E+Solving+the+bracketing+paradox%3A+An+analysis+of+the+morphology+of+German+particle+verbs%2E+Journal+of+Linguistics+39%282%29%2E+275%E2%80%93325%2E+DOI%3A+10+%2E+1017+%2F+S0022226703002032%2E)
1018. Müller, Stefan. 2004a. An analysis of depictive secondary predicates in German without discontinuous constituents. In Stefan Müller (ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Center for Computational Linguistics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 202–222. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. DOI: 10.21248/hpsg.2004.12. [↗](https://doi.org/10.21248/hpsg.2004.12)
1019. Müller, Stefan. 2004b. An HPSG analysis of German depictive secondary predicates. In Lawrence S. Moss & Richard T. Oehrle (eds.), Proceedings of the joint meeting of the 6th Conference on Formal Grammar and the 7th Conference on Mathematics of Language (Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 53), 233–245. Helsinki: Elsevier Science Publisher B.V. (North-Holland). DOI: 10.1016/S1571-0661(05)82585-X. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(05)82585-x)
1020. Müller, Stefan. 2004c. Complex NPs, subjacency, and extraposition. Snippets 8. 10–11. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2004c%2E+Complex+NPs%2C+subjacency%2C+and+extraposition%2E+Snippets+8%2E+10%E2%80%9311%2E)
1021. Müller, Stefan. 2004d. Continuous or discontinuous constituents? A comparison between syntactic analyses for constituent order and their processing systems. Research on Language and Computation 2(2). Special Issue on Linguistic Theory and Grammar Implementation, 209–257. DOI: 10.1023/B:ROLC.0000016785.49729.d7. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1023/b:rolc.0000016785.49729.d7)
1022. Müller, Stefan. 2004e. Elliptical constructions, multiple frontings, and surface-based syntax. In Gerhard Jäger, Paola Monachesi, Gerald Penn & Shuly Wintner (eds.), Proceedings of Formal Grammar 2004, Nancy, 91–109. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. [http://cslipublications.stanford.edu/FG/2004/](http://cslipublications.stanford.edu/FG/2004/) (3 February, 2021). [↗](http://cslipublications.stanford.edu/FG/2004/)
1023. Müller, Stefan. 2005a. Resultative Constructions: Syntax, world knowledge, and collocational restrictions: Review of Hans C. Boas: A Constructional approach to resultatives. Studies in Language 29(3). 651–681. DOI: 10.1075/sl.29.3.06mul. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.29.3.06mul)
1024. Müller, Stefan. 2005b. Zur Analyse der deutschen Satzstruktur. Linguistische Berichte 201. 3–39. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2005b%2E+Zur+Analyse+der+deutschen+Satzstruktur%2E+Linguistische+Berichte+201%2E+3%E2%80%9339%2E)
1025. Müller, Stefan. 2005c. Zur Analyse der scheinbar mehrfachen Vorfeldbesetzung. Linguistische Berichte 203. 297–330. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2005c%2E+Zur+Analyse+der+scheinbar+mehrfachen+Vorfeldbesetzung%2E+Linguistische+Berichte+203%2E+297%E2%80%93330%2E)
1026. Müller, Stefan. 2006. Phrasal or lexical constructions? Language 82(4). 850–883. DOI: 10.1353/lan.2006.0213. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0213)
1027. Müller, Stefan. 2007a. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar: Eine Einführung. 1st edn. (Stauffenburg Einführungen 17). Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2007a%2E+Head%2DDriven+Phrase+Structure+Grammar%3A+Eine+Einf%C3%BChrung%2E+1st+edn%2E+%28Stauffenburg+Einf%C3%BChrungen+17%29%2E+T%C3%BCbingen%3A+Stauffenburg+Verlag%2E)
1028. Müller, Stefan. 2007b. Phrasal or lexical Constructions: Some comments on underspecification of constituent order, compositionality, and control. In Stefan Müller (ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Stanford Department of Linguistics and CSLI ’ s LinGO Lab, 373–393. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. DOI: 10.21248/hpsg.2007.22. (23 March, 2022). [↗](https://doi.org/10.21248/hpsg.2007.22)
1029. Müller, Stefan. 2007c. Qualitative Korpusanalyse für die Grammatiktheorie: Introspektion vs. Korpus. In Gisela Zifonun & Werner Kallmeyer (eds.), Sprachkorpora – Datenmengen und Erkenntnisfortschritt (Institut für Deutsche Sprache Jahrbuch 2006), 70– 90. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/9783110439083-006. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110439083-006)
1030. Müller, Stefan. 2007d. The Grammix CD Rom: A software collection for developing typed feature structure grammars. In Tracy Holloway King & Emily M. Bender (eds.), Proceedings of the Grammar Engineering Across Frameworks (GEAF07) workshop (Studies in Computational Linguistics ONLINE 2), 259–266. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. [http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/GEAF/2007/](http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/GEAF/2007/) (2 February, 2021). [↗](http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/GEAF/2007/)
1031. Müller, Stefan. 2008. Depictive secondary predicates in German and English. In Christoph Schroeder, Gerd Hentschel & Winfried Boeder (eds.), Secondary predicates in Eastern European languages and beyond (Studia Slavica Oldenburgensia 16), 255– 273. Oldenburg: BIS-Verlag. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2008%2E+Depictive+secondary+predicates+in+German+and+English%2E+In+Christoph+Schroeder%2C+Gerd+Hentschel+%26+Winfried+Boeder+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Secondary+predicates+in+Eastern+European+languages+and+beyo)
1032. Müller, Stefan. 2009b. A Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar for Maltese. In Bernard Comrie, Ray Fabri, Beth Hume, Manwel Mifsud, Thomas Stolz & Martine Vanhove (eds.), Introducing Maltese linguistics: Papers from the 1st International Conference on Maltese Linguistics (Bremen/Germany, 18–20 October, 2007) (Studies in Language Companion Series 113), 83–112. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co. DOI: 10.1075/ slcs.113.10mul. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2009b%2E+A+Head%2DDriven+Phrase+Structure+Grammar+for+Maltese%2E+In+Bernard+Comrie%2C+Ray+Fabri%2C+Beth+Hume%2C+Manwel+Mifsud%2C+Thomas+Stolz+%26+Martine+Vanhove+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Introducing+Maltese+linguistic)
1033. Müller, Stefan. 2009c. On predication. In Stefan Müller (ed.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, University of Göttingen, Germany, 213–233. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. DOI: 10.21248/hpsg.2009.11. [↗](https://doi.org/10.21248/hpsg.2009.11)
1034. Müller, Stefan. 2010a. Grammatiktheorie (Stauffenburg Einführungen 20). Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2010a%2E+Grammatiktheorie+%28Stauffenburg+Einf%C3%BChrungen+20%29%2E+T%C3%BCbingen%3A+Stauffenburg+Verlag%2E)
1035. Müller, Stefan. 2010b. Persian complex predicates and the limits of inheritance-based analyses. Journal of Linguistics 46(3). 601–655. DOI: 10.1017/S0022226709990284. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022226709990284)
1036. Müller, Stefan. 2012a. A personal note on open access in linguistics. Journal of Language Modelling 0(1). 9–39. DOI: 10.15398/jlm.v0i1.52. [↗](https://doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v0i1.52)
1037. Müller, Stefan. 2012b. On the copula, specificational constructions and type shifting. Ms. Freie Universität Berlin. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2012b%2E+On+the+copula%2C+specificational+constructions+and+type+shifting%2E+Ms%2E+Freie+Universit%C3%A4t+Berlin%2E)
1038. Müller, Stefan. 2013a. Grammatiktheorie. 2nd edn. (Stauffenburg Einführungen 20). Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2013a%2E+Grammatiktheorie%2E+2nd+edn%2E+%28Stauffenburg+Einf%C3%BChrungen+20%29%2E+T%C3%BCbingen%3A+Stauffenburg+Verlag%2E)
1039. Müller, Stefan. 2013b. The CoreGram project: A brief overview and motivation. In Denys Duchier & Yannick Parmentier (eds.), Proceedings of the workshop on high-level methodologies for grammar engineering @ESSLLI2013, 93–104. Düsseldorf. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2013b%2E+The+CoreGram+project%3A+A+brief+overview+and+motivation%2E+In+Denys+Duchier+%26+Yannick+Parmentier+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Proceedings+of+the+workshop+on+high%2Dlevel+methodologies+for+grammar+engineer)
1040. Müller, Stefan. 2013c. Unifying everything: Some remarks on Simpler Syntax, Construction Grammar, Minimalism and HPSG. Language 89(4). 920–950. DOI: 10 . 1353 / lan . 2013.0061. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2013c%2E+Unifying+everything%3A+Some+remarks+on+Simpler+Syntax%2C+Construction+Grammar%2C+Minimalism+and+HPSG%2E+Language+89%284%29%2E+920%E2%80%93950%2E+DOI%3A+10+%2E+1353+%2F+lan+%2E+2013%2E0061%2E)
1041. Müller, Stefan. 2014b. Artenvielfalt und Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar. In Jörg Hagemann & Sven Staffeldt (eds.), Syntaxtheorien: Analysen im Vergleich (Stauffenburg Einführungen 28), 187–233. Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2014b%2E+Artenvielfalt+und+Head%2DDriven+Phrase+Structure+Grammar%2E+In+J%C3%B6rg+Hagemann+%26+Sven+Staffeldt+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Syntaxtheorien%3A+Analysen+im+Vergleich+%28Stauffenburg+Einf%C3%BChrungen+28%29%2C+187%E2%80%93233%2E+)
1042. Müller, Stefan. 2014c. Kernigkeit: Anmerkungen zur Kern-Peripherie-Unterscheidung. In Antonio Machicao y Priemer, Andreas Nolda & Athina Sioupi (eds.), Zwischen Kern und Peripherie (studia grammatica 76), 25–39. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI: 10.1524/ 9783050065335. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M%C3%BCller%2C+Stefan%2E+2014c%2E+Kernigkeit%3A+Anmerkungen+zur+Kern%2DPeripherie%2DUnterscheidung%2E+In+Antonio+Machicao+y+Priemer%2C+Andreas+Nolda+%26+Athina+Sioupi+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Zwischen+Kern+und+Peripherie+%28studia+grammatica+)
1043. Müller, Stefan. 2015a. HPSG – A synopsis. In Tibor Kiss & Artemis Alexiadou (eds.), Syntax – theory and analysis: An international handbook, vol. 2 (Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science 42), 937–973. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/9783110363708-004. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110363708-004)
1044. Müller, Stefan. 2015b. Satztypen: Lexikalisch oder/und phrasal. In Rita Finkbeiner & Jörg Meibauer (eds.), Satztypen und Konstruktionen im Deutschen (Linguistik – Impulse & Tendenzen 65), 72–105. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/9783110423112-004. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110423112-004)
1045. Müller, Stefan. 2015c. The CoreGram project: Theoretical linguistics, theory development and verification. Journal of Language Modelling 3(1). 21–86. DOI: 10.15398/jlm.v3i1.91. [↗](https://doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v3i1.91)
1046. Müller, Stefan. 2016. Grammatical theory: From Transformational Grammar to constraint-based approaches. 1st edn. (Textbooks in Language Sciences 1). Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.17169/langsci.b25.167. [↗](https://doi.org/10.17169/langsci.b25.167)
1047. Müller, Stefan. 2017. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Sign-Based Construction Grammar, and Fluid Construction Grammar: Commonalities and differences. Constructions and Frames 9(1). 139–173. DOI: 10.1075/cf.9.1.05mul. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1075/cf.9.1.05mul)
1048. Müller, Stefan. 2018a. A lexicalist account of argument structure: Template-based phrasal LFG approaches and a lexical HPSG alternative (Conceptual Foundations of Language Science 2). Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1441351. [↗](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1441351)
1049. Müller, Stefan. 2018b. The end of lexicalism as we know it? Language 94(1). e54–e66. DOI: 10.1353/lan.2018.0014. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2018.0014)
1050. Müller, Stefan. 2019a. Complex predicates: Structure, potential structure and underspecification. Linguistic Issues in Language Technology 17(3). 1–8. DOI: 10.33011/lilt.v17i.1423. [↗](https://doi.org/10.33011/lilt.v17i.1423)
1051. Müller, Stefan. 2019b. Evaluating theories: Counting nodes and the question of constituency. Language Under Discussion 5(1). 52–67. DOI: 10.31885/lud.5.1.226. [↗](https://doi.org/10.31885/lud.5.1.226)
1052. Müller, Stefan. 2021a. Constituent order. In Stefan Müller, Anne Abeillé, Robert D. Borsley & Jean-Pierre Koenig (eds.), Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar: The handbook (Empirically Oriented Theoretical Morphology and Syntax 9), 369–417. Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5599836. [↗](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5599836)
1053. Müller, Stefan. 2021b. HPSG and Construction Grammar. In Stefan Müller, Anne Abeillé, Robert D. Borsley & Jean-Pierre Koenig (eds.), Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar: The handbook (Empirically Oriented Theoretical Morphology and Syntax 9), 1497– 1553. Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5599882. [↗](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5599882)
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