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# Reflections on the Penn Discourse TreeBank, Comparable Corpora, and Complementary Annotation

**Authors:** [Rashmi Prasad](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/rashmi-prasad/), [Bonnie Webber](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/bonnie-webber/), [Aravind Joshi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/aravind-joshi/) · **Year:** 2014 · **Venue:** Computational Linguistics (journal) **Link:** [aclanthology.org/J14-4007](https://aclanthology.org/J14-4007/) (DOI [10.1162/COLI_a_00204](https://doi.org/10.1162/COLI_a_00204)) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) (ACL Anthology, before 2016) — summary only; PDTB data evaluation only

[**91** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033043215) openalex · 2026-10-18[**65** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/prasad-2014-reflections-penn-discourse-treebank-comparable/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Computational Linguistics](https://aclanthology.org/volumes/J14-4/)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/J14-4007/)
- [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/J14-4007.pdf)
- [DOI 10.1162/coli_a_00204](https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00204)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2033043215)

**Authors (3)**

1. [Rashmi Prasad](https://openalex.org/A5026474261) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-0630) · h 30 · 4646 citations · 93 works
2. [Bonnie Webber](https://openalex.org/A5089032031) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-8216) · h 47 · 9602 citations · 398 works
3. [Aravind Joshi](https://openalex.org/A5109994521) h 58 · 15755 citations · 311 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

A guide to the PDTB, written to correct common misreadings. Discourse relations are grounded in lexical items. The PDTB 2.0 has 18,459 explicit relations (signalled by subordinating or coordinating conjunctions, prepositional phrases or adverbs), 16,224 implicit relations (an inserted connective between adjacent sentences), 624 AltLex, 5,210 EntRel and 254 NoRel. The authors argue that several features are under-annotated and therefore easy to misread: AltLex expressions were marked only where an implicit connective seemed redundant; implicit relations were not annotated within sentences; supplementary text was marked for 1,571 explicit relations but only 126 implicit ones. About 5.4% of explicit tokens (999 of 18,459) carry two sense labels. For "since", only 10 of 184 tokens are double-labelled, against 21 of 184 when annotators were given a joint TEMPORAL/CAUSAL option in an earlier study. The paper also compares comparable corpora in other languages and genres, and relates the PDTB to TimeBank and PropBank.

## Ideas

- I1. Store the allowed senses of each connective as a BTreeSet, with a rule that two senses may be output together only if they are compatible. The disjointness facts in the paper (REASON vs RESULT, PRECEDENCE vs SUCCESSION) become checked constraints in the discourse rules.
- I2. Keep an AltLex list in [19. The lexicon: vocabulary, multiword expressions and register](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/19-lexicon-mwe-register/) with counts per expression. The paper says about 15% of AltLex expressions meet the criteria for explicit connectives, so promote an expression once its count passes a threshold.
- I3. Measure what the 5.4% multi-sense rate costs: compare single-sense output with two-sense output on the same lessons, and report the change for "when" and "since".
- I4. Record the evidence for each implicit relation (which connective was inserted and by which rule), so that a test can show why the relation was chosen.

## For Mova

The chapters are [36. Discourse relations and coherence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/36-discourse-relations/) and [38. Dialogue, discourse markers and reported speech](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/38-dialogue-and-discourse-markers/). The code is `prag/src/frames.rs` and `prag/src/infer.rs`, for implicatures. The measure is sense-level accuracy on held-out lessons, reported with the set of allowed senses per connective. Run twice and check that the results are identical.

Topics: [Discourse analysis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/discourse-analysis/) · [Treebanks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/treebanks/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.1162/coli_a_00204](https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00204)

```
@article{prasad2014reflections,
  title = {{Reflections on the Penn Discourse TreeBank, Comparable Corpora, and Complementary Annotation}},
  author = {Prasad, Rashmi and Webber, Bonnie and Joshi, Aravind},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2014},
  doi = {10.1162/coli\_a\_00204},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00204}
}
```

- [← previous Annotation Guidelines for Questions under Discussion and Information Structure](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/pragmatics-2018-riester-annotation-guidelines-questions-under/)
- [next → Discourse Annotation in the PDTB: The Next Generation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/prasad-2018-discourse-annotation-pdtb-next-generation/)
- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)

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