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# Semitic languages

Hebrew and Aramaic belong to the Semitic family, with Arabic, Akkadian, Ugaritic, Ge'ez, Amharic and Maltese. They share the root-and-pattern build of their words — three consonants carry the meaning, vowel patterns and affixes carry the grammar — and much of their syntax. These cards cover comparative Semitic grammar and the NLP of the Semitic languages: roots, templates, segmentation, diacritization, agreement, treebanks and parsers.

Mova takes from them what bears on Hebrew and Aramaic: how to find roots, how to cut a written word into its parts, and how other Semitic languages solved the problems Hebrew poses.

147 pages

**1**[2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/sem/page/2/)

- [acl-2019-zalmout-adversarial-multitask-learning-joint-multi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/acl-2019-zalmout-adversarial-multitask-learning-joint-multi/) — Adversarial Multitask Learning for Joint Multi-Feature and Multi-Dialect Morphological Modeling
- [acl-2020-alqahtani-multitask-learning-approach-diacritic-restoration](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/acl-2020-alqahtani-multitask-learning-approach-diacritic-restoration/) — A Multitask Learning Approach for Diacritic Restoration
- [acl-2020-zalmout-joint-diacritization-lemmatization-normalization-fine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/acl-2020-zalmout-joint-diacritization-lemmatization-normalization-fine/) — Joint Diacritization, Lemmatization, Normalization, and Fine-Grained Morphological Tagging
- [acl-2021-qin-improving-arabic-diacritization-regularized-decoding](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/acl-2021-qin-improving-arabic-diacritization-regularized-decoding/) — Improving Arabic Diacritization with Regularized Decoding and Adversarial Training
- [acl-2024-kheir-beyond-orthography-automatic-recovery-short](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/acl-2024-kheir-beyond-orthography-automatic-recovery-short/) — Beyond Orthography: Automatic Recovery of Short Vowels and Dialectal Sounds in Arabic
- [aclbulk-1988-kataja-finite-state-description-semitic-morphology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-1988-kataja-finite-state-description-semitic-morphology/) — Finite-state Description of Semitic Morphology: A Case Study of Ancient Accadian
- [aclbulk-1998-barthelemy-morphological-analyzer-akkadian-verbal-forms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-1998-barthelemy-morphological-analyzer-akkadian-verbal-forms/) — A Morphological Analyzer for Akkadian Verbal Forms with a Model of Phonetic Transformations
- [aclbulk-1998-beesley-arabic-morphology-only-finite-state](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-1998-beesley-arabic-morphology-only-finite-state/) — Arabic Morphology Using Only Finite-State Operations
- [aclbulk-1998-smets-paradigmatic-treatment-arabic-morphology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-1998-smets-paradigmatic-treatment-arabic-morphology/) — Paradigmatic Treatment of Arabic Morphology
- [aclbulk-2000-roeck-morphologically-sensitive-clustering-algorithm-identifying](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2000-roeck-morphologically-sensitive-clustering-algorithm-identifying/) — A Morphologically Sensitive Clustering Algorithm for Identifying Arabic Roots
- [aclbulk-2002-darwish-building-shallow-arabic-morphological-analyser](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2002-darwish-building-shallow-arabic-morphological-analyser/) — Building a Shallow Arabic Morphological Analyser in One Day
- [aclbulk-2002-macks-parsing-akkadian-verbs-prolog](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2002-macks-parsing-akkadian-verbs-prolog/) — Parsing Akkadian Verbs with Prolog
- [aclbulk-2004-buckwalter-issues-arabic-orthography-morphology-analysis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2004-buckwalter-issues-arabic-orthography-morphology-analysis/) — Issues in Arabic Orthography and Morphology Analysis
- [aclbulk-2004-goweder-identifying-broken-plurals-unvowelised-arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2004-goweder-identifying-broken-plurals-unvowelised-arabic/) — Identifying Broken Plurals in Unvowelised Arabic Text
- [aclbulk-2005-habash-arabic-tokenization-part-speech-tagging](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2005-habash-arabic-tokenization-part-speech-tagging/) — Arabic Tokenization, Part-of-Speech Tagging and Morphological Disambiguation in One Fell Swoop
- [aclbulk-2005-habash-morphological-analysis-generation-arabic-dialects](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2005-habash-morphological-analysis-generation-arabic-dialects/) — Morphological Analysis and Generation for Arabic Dialects
- [aclbulk-2005-marsi-memory-based-morphological-analysis-generation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2005-marsi-memory-based-morphological-analysis-generation/) — Memory-Based Morphological Analysis Generation and Part-of-Speech Tagging of Arabic
- [aclbulk-2005-nelken-arabic-diacritization-weighted-finite-state](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2005-nelken-arabic-diacritization-weighted-finite-state/) — Arabic Diacritization Using Weighted Finite-State Transducers
- [aclbulk-2006-chiang-parsing-arabic-dialects](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2006-chiang-parsing-arabic-dialects/) — Parsing Arabic Dialects
- [aclbulk-2006-habash-magead-morphological-analyzer-generator-arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2006-habash-magead-morphological-analyzer-generator-arabic/) — MAGEAD: A Morphological Analyzer and Generator for the Arabic Dialects
- [aclbulk-2006-smrz-tips-tricks-prague-arabic-dependency](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2006-smrz-tips-tricks-prague-arabic-dependency/) — Tips and Tricks of the Prague Arabic Dependency Treebank
- [aclbulk-2006-zitouni-maximum-entropy-based-restoration-arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2006-zitouni-maximum-entropy-based-restoration-arabic/) — Maximum Entropy Based Restoration of Arabic Diacritics
- [aclbulk-2007-habash-arabic-diacritization-through-full-morphological](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2007-habash-arabic-diacritization-through-full-morphological/) — Arabic Diacritization through Full Morphological Tagging
- [aclbulk-2007-smrz-elixirfm-implementation-functional-arabic-morphology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2007-smrz-elixirfm-implementation-functional-arabic-morphology/) — ElixirFM – Implementation of Functional Arabic Morphology
- [aclbulk-2008-gabbard-construct-state-modification-arabic-treebank](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2008-gabbard-construct-state-modification-arabic-treebank/) — Construct State Modification in the Arabic Treebank
- [aclbulk-2008-roth-arabic-morphological-tagging-diacritization-lemmatization](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2008-roth-arabic-morphological-tagging-diacritization-lemmatization/) — Arabic Morphological Tagging, Diacritization, and Lemmatization Using Lexeme Models and Feature Ranking
- [aclbulk-2009-barthelemy-karamel-system-semitic-languages-structured](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2009-barthelemy-karamel-system-semitic-languages-structured/) — The Karamel System and Semitic Languages: Structured Multi-Tiered Morphology
- [aclbulk-2009-barthelemy-une-description-morphologique-structuree-en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2009-barthelemy-une-description-morphologique-structuree-en/) — Une description morphologique structurée en arbre du verbe akkadien qui utilise des structures de traits et des transducteurs multirubans [A Tree-Structured morphological description of the Akkadian verb which uses Feature Structures and Multi-tape Transducers]
- [aclbulk-2009-habash-catib-columbia-arabic-treebank](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2009-habash-catib-columbia-arabic-treebank/) — CATiB: The Columbia Arabic Treebank
- [aclbulk-2010-alotaiby-clitics-arabic-language-statistical-study](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2010-alotaiby-clitics-arabic-language-statistical-study/) — Clitics in Arabic Language: A Statistical Study
- [aclbulk-2010-green-better-arabic-parsing-baselines-evaluations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2010-green-better-arabic-parsing-baselines-evaluations/) — Better Arabic Parsing: Baselines, Evaluations, and Analysis
- [aclbulk-2010-kulick-simultaneous-tokenization-part-speech-tagging](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2010-kulick-simultaneous-tokenization-part-speech-tagging/) — Simultaneous Tokenization and Part-Of-Speech Tagging for Arabic without a Morphological Analyzer
- [aclbulk-2010-marton-improving-arabic-dependency-parsing-lexical](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2010-marton-improving-arabic-dependency-parsing-lexical/) — Improving Arabic Dependency Parsing with Lexical and Inflectional Morphological Features
- [aclbulk-2011-alkuhlani-corpus-modeling-morpho-syntactic-agreement](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2011-alkuhlani-corpus-modeling-morpho-syntactic-agreement/) — A Corpus for Modeling Morpho-Syntactic Agreement in Arabic: Gender, Number and Rationality
- [aclbulk-2011-attia-open-source-finite-state-morphological](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2011-attia-open-source-finite-state-morphological/) — An Open-Source Finite State Morphological Transducer for Modern Standard Arabic
- [aclbulk-2011-dehdari-morphological-features-parsing-morphologically-rich](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2011-dehdari-morphological-features-parsing-morphologically-rich/) — Morphological Features for Parsing Morphologically-rich Languages: A Case of Arabic
- [aclbulk-2011-marton-improving-arabic-dependency-parsing-form](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2011-marton-improving-arabic-dependency-parsing-form/) — Improving Arabic Dependency Parsing with Form-based and Functional Morphological Features
- [aclbulk-2012-alkuhlani-identifying-broken-plurals-irregular-gender](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2012-alkuhlani-identifying-broken-plurals-irregular-gender/) — Identifying Broken Plurals, Irregular Gender, and Rationality in Arabic Text
- [aclbulk-2012-hulden-conversion-procedural-morphologies-finite-state](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2012-hulden-conversion-procedural-morphologies-finite-state/) — Conversion of Procedural Morphologies to Finite-State Morphologies: A Case Study of Arabic
- [aclbulk-2012-stallard-unsupervised-morphology-rivals-supervised-morphology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2012-stallard-unsupervised-morphology-rivals-supervised-morphology/) — Unsupervised Morphology Rivals Supervised Morphology for Arabic MT
- [aclbulk-2012-zaraket-arabic-morphological-analyzer-agglutinative-affix](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2012-zaraket-arabic-morphological-analyzer-agglutinative-affix/) — Arabic Morphological Analyzer with Agglutinative Affix Morphemes and Fusional Concatenation Rules
- [aclbulk-2013-tratz-cross-task-flexible-transition-model](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2013-tratz-cross-task-flexible-transition-model/) — A Cross-Task Flexible Transition Model for Arabic Tokenization, Affix Detection, Affix Labeling, POS Tagging, and Dependency Parsing
- [aclbulk-2015-belinkov-arabic-diacritization-recurrent-neural-networks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2015-belinkov-arabic-diacritization-recurrent-neural-networks/) — Arabic Diacritization with Recurrent Neural Networks
- [aclbulk-2015-shahrour-improving-arabic-diacritization-through-syntactic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2015-shahrour-improving-arabic-diacritization-through-syntactic/) — Improving Arabic Diacritization through Syntactic Analysis
- [aclbulk-2016-abdelali-farasa-fast-furious-segmenter-arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2016-abdelali-farasa-fast-furious-segmenter-arabic/) — Farasa: A Fast and Furious Segmenter for Arabic
- [aclbulk-2016-shahrour-camelparser-system-arabic-syntactic-analysis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2016-shahrour-camelparser-system-arabic-syntactic-analysis/) — CamelParser: A system for Arabic Syntactic Analysis and Morphological Disambiguation
- [aclbulk-2017-borg-morphological-analysis-maltese-language-challenges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2017-borg-morphological-analysis-maltese-language-challenges/) — Morphological Analysis for the Maltese Language: The challenges of a hybrid system
- [aclbulk-2017-darwish-arabic-diacritization-stats-rules-hacks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2017-darwish-arabic-diacritization-stats-rules-hacks/) — Arabic Diacritization: Stats, Rules, and Hacks
- [aclbulk-2017-sajjad-challenging-language-dependent-segmentation-arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2017-sajjad-challenging-language-dependent-segmentation-arabic/) — Challenging Language-Dependent Segmentation for Arabic: An Application to Machine Translation and Part-of-Speech Tagging
- [aclbulk-2017-samih-neural-architecture-dialectal-arabic-segmentation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2017-samih-neural-architecture-dialectal-arabic-segmentation/) — A Neural Architecture for Dialectal Arabic Segmentation
- [aclbulk-2017-zalmout-don-t-throw-those-morphological](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2017-zalmout-don-t-throw-those-morphological/) — Don't Throw Those Morphological Analyzers Away Just Yet: Neural Morphological Disambiguation for Arabic
- [aclbulk-2018-batita-derivational-relations-arabic-wordnet](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2018-batita-derivational-relations-arabic-wordnet/) — Derivational Relations in Arabic WordNet
- [aclbulk-2018-issa-opennmt-model-arabic-broken-plurals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2018-issa-opennmt-model-arabic-broken-plurals/) — An OpenNMT Model to Arabic Broken Plurals
- [aclbulk-2018-shapiro-morphological-word-embeddings-arabic-neural](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2018-shapiro-morphological-word-embeddings-arabic-neural/) — Morphological Word Embeddings for Arabic Neural Machine Translation in Low-Resource Settings
- [aclbulk-2018-taji-arabic-morphological-analyzer-generator-copious](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2018-taji-arabic-morphological-analyzer-generator-copious/) — An Arabic Morphological Analyzer and Generator with Copious Features
- [aclbulk-2019-alshargi-morphologically-annotated-corpora-seven-arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2019-alshargi-morphologically-annotated-corpora-seven-arabic/) — Morphologically Annotated Corpora for Seven Arabic Dialects: Taizi, Sanaani, Najdi, Jordanian, Syrian, Iraqi and Moroccan
- [aclbulk-2019-fadel-neural-arabic-text-diacritization-state](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2019-fadel-neural-arabic-text-diacritization-state/) — Neural Arabic Text Diacritization: State of the Art Results and a Novel Approach for Machine Translation
- [aclbulk-2019-vertan-controlled-semi-automatic-annotation-classical](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2019-vertan-controlled-semi-automatic-annotation-classical/) — Controlled Semi-automatic Annotation of Classical Ethiopic
- [aclbulk-2020-alkaoud-importance-tokenization-arabic-embedding-models](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2020-alkaoud-importance-tokenization-arabic-embedding-models/) — On the Importance of Tokenization in Arabic Embedding Models
- [aclbulk-2020-seyoum-comparing-neural-network-parsers-less](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2020-seyoum-comparing-neural-network-parsers-less/) — Comparing Neural Network Parsers for a Less-resourced and Morphologically-rich Language: Amharic Dependency Parser
- [aclbulk-2020-woldemariam-transfer-learning-less-resourced-semitic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2020-woldemariam-transfer-learning-less-resourced-semitic/) — Transfer Learning for Less-Resourced Semitic Languages Speech Recognition: the Case of Amharic
- [aclbulk-2022-obeid-camelira-arabic-multi-dialect-morphological](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2022-obeid-camelira-arabic-multi-dialect-morphological/) — Camelira: An Arabic Multi-Dialect Morphological Disambiguator
- [aclbulk-2023-ionov-beyond-concatenative-morphology-applying-ontolex](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2023-ionov-beyond-concatenative-morphology-applying-ontolex/) — Beyond Concatenative Morphology: Applying OntoLex-Morph to Maltese
- [aclbulk-2023-nayouf-nabra-syrian-arabic-dialects-morphological](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2023-nayouf-nabra-syrian-arabic-dialects-morphological/) — Nâbra: Syrian Arabic Dialects with Morphological Annotations
- [aclbulk-2024-gidey-morphological-synthesizer-ge-ez-language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2024-gidey-morphological-synthesizer-ge-ez-language/) — Morphological Synthesizer for Ge'ez Language: Addressing Morphological Complexity and Resource Limitations
- [aclbulk-2024-khairallah-computational-morphology-lexicography-modeling-modern](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2024-khairallah-computational-morphology-lexicography-modeling-modern/) — Computational Morphology and Lexicography Modeling of Modern Standard Arabic Nominals
- [aclbulk-2024-khalifa-picking-up-where-linguist-left](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2024-khalifa-picking-up-where-linguist-left/) — Picking Up Where the Linguist Left Off: Mapping Morphology to Phonology through Learning the Residuals
- [aclbulk-2024-mokh-out-domain-dependency-parsing-dialects](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2024-mokh-out-domain-dependency-parsing-dialects/) — Out-of-Domain Dependency Parsing for Dialects of Arabic: A Case Study
- [aclbulk-2025-alblooshi-uncertainty-driven-partial-diacritization-arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2025-alblooshi-uncertainty-driven-partial-diacritization-arabic/) — Uncertainty-driven Partial Diacritization for Arabic Text
- [aclbulk-2025-gordin-evacun-2025-shared-task-lemmatization](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2025-gordin-evacun-2025-shared-task-lemmatization/) — EvaCun 2025 Shared Task: Lemmatization and Token Prediction in Akkadian and Sumerian using LLMs
- [aclbulk-2025-marzouk-derivational-chainbank-modern-standard-arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2025-marzouk-derivational-chainbank-modern-standard-arabic/) — A Derivational ChainBank for Modern Standard Arabic
- [aclbulk-2025-riemenschneider-beyond-base-predictors-llms-resolve](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2025-riemenschneider-beyond-base-predictors-llms-resolve/) — Beyond Base Predictors: Using LLMs to Resolve Ambiguities in Akkadian Lemmatization
- [aclbulk-2026-elshabrawy-parsing-arabic-dialects-revisited-new](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2026-elshabrawy-parsing-arabic-dialects-revisited-new/) — Parsing Arabic Dialects Revisited: New Benchmarks, Models, and Insights
- [aclbulk-2026-inoue-do-diacritics-matter-evaluating-impact](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2026-inoue-do-diacritics-matter-evaluating-impact/) — Do Diacritics Matter? Evaluating the Impact of Arabic Diacritics on Tokenization and LLM Benchmarks
- [bank-2004-maamouri-developing-arabic-treebank-methods-guidelines](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bank-2004-maamouri-developing-arabic-treebank-methods-guidelines/) — Developing an Arabic Treebank: Methods, Guidelines, Procedures, and Tools
- [bank-2008-maamouri-diacritic-annotation-arabic-treebank-its](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bank-2008-maamouri-diacritic-annotation-arabic-treebank-its/) — Diacritic Annotation in the Arabic Treebank and its Impact on Parser Evaluation
- [bank-2010-dukes-syntactic-annotation-guidelines-quranic-arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bank-2010-dukes-syntactic-annotation-guidelines-quranic-arabic/) — Syntactic Annotation Guidelines for the Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank
- [cl-2013-marton-dependency-parsing-modern-standard-arabic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cl-2013-marton-dependency-parsing-modern-standard-arabic/) — Dependency Parsing of Modern Standard Arabic with Lexical and Inflectional Features
- [cl-2022-esmail-how-much-does-lookahead-matter](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cl-2022-esmail-how-much-does-lookahead-matter/) — How Much Does Lookahead Matter for Disambiguation? Partial Arabic Diacritization Case Study
- [coling-2024-elmallah-arabic-diacritization-morphologically-informed-character](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/coling-2024-elmallah-arabic-diacritization-morphologically-informed-character/) — Arabic Diacritization Using Morphologically Informed Character-Level Model
- [coling-2024-khairallah-camel-morph-msa-large-scale](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/coling-2024-khairallah-camel-morph-msa-large-scale/) — Camel Morph MSA: A Large-Scale Open-Source Morphological Analyzer for Modern Standard Arabic
- [coling-2024-smidt-crossroad-cuneiform-nlp-challenges-fine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/coling-2024-smidt-crossroad-cuneiform-nlp-challenges-fine/) — At the Crossroad of Cuneiform and NLP: Challenges for Fine-grained Part-of-speech Tagging
- [coling-2025-temesgen-cognate-detection-historical-language-reconstruction](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/coling-2025-temesgen-cognate-detection-historical-language-reconstruction/) — Cognate Detection for Historical Language Reconstruction of Proto-Sabean Languages: the Case of Ge'ez, Tigrinya, and Amharic
- [coref-2026-wang-tabletcraft-bridging-4-000-year](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/coref-2026-wang-tabletcraft-bridging-4-000-year/) — TabletCraft: Bridging a 4,000-Year Cultural Gap with Bidirectional Akkadian NMT and Cuneiform Rendering
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