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# Graph-to-Graph Transformer for Transition-based Dependency Parsing

**Authors:** [Alireza Mohammadshahi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/alireza-mohammadshahi/) and [James Henderson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/james-henderson/) · **Year:** 2020 · **Venue:** Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020 **Link:** [aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.294](https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.294/) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

[**21** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2988356005) openalex · 2026-10-18[**15** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/ud-2020-mohammadshahi-graph-graph-transformer-transition-based/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020](https://aclanthology.org/volumes/2020.findings-emnlp/)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.294/)
- [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.294.pdf)
- [DOI 10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.294](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.294)
- [arXiv 1911.03561](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.03561)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2988356005)

**Authors (2)**

1. Alireza Mohammadshahi
2. James Henderson

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

The paper proposes the Graph2Graph Transformer (G2GTr), an architecture that conditions on an arbitrary graph and predicts one. It applies the architecture to transition-based dependency parsing, where the input graph is the partial parse built so far. Two Transformer parsers serve as baselines. Adding the graph input and output mechanisms reduces LAS error relative to the State Transformer baseline by 9.97% and 11.66% on the English Penn Treebank with Stanford dependencies. The authors also report gains on 13 UD treebanks, with and without BERT pre-training. The method is claimed to plug into other structured prediction models.

## Ideas

- I1. `en/src/parse.rs`: add features of the arcs already built near the stack top (their labels and attachment sides) to the perceptron. Measure LAS on EWT test with `en folds`, and run twice before a claim.
- I2. Error analysis: as in the paper's error figure, count parser errors on EWT dev by dependency type and by sentence length, and print the table from `en parse-eval`.
- I3. Low-data check: train on about 1,000 sentences of EWT train and test whether the history features help more than on the full set. The paper's argument is that graph conditioning helps most when the model is weak.

## For Mova

The code is `en/src/parse.rs`, measured with `en folds`. The paper's model is a neural Transformer, so only the history-feature idea is ported, as a count-based feature. EWT is CC BY-SA and may be used for training. Its numbers are on Stanford dependencies with a different scoring, so compare against our own baseline only.

Topics: [Dependency parsing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/dependency-parsing/) · [Treebanks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/treebanks/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.294](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.294) · [arXiv 1911.03561](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.03561)

```
@inproceedings{mohammadshahi2020graph,
  title = {{Graph-to-Graph Transformer for Transition-based Dependency Parsing}},
  author = {Mohammadshahi, Alireza and Henderson, James},
  booktitle = {Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.294},
  eprint = {1911.03561},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.294}
}
```

- [← previous Exploring diachronic syntactic shifts with dependency length: the case of scientific English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ud-2020-juzek-exploring-diachronic-syntactic-shifts-dependency/)
- [next → Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collection](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ud-2020-nivre-universal-dependencies-v2-evergrowing-multilingual/)
- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)

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