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# From Raw Text to Enhanced Universal Dependencies: The Parsing Shared Task at IWPT 2021

**Authors:** [Gosse Bouma](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/gosse-bouma/), [Djamé Seddah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/djame-seddah/), [Daniel Zeman](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/daniel-zeman/) · **Year:** 2021 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Parsing Technologies and the IWPT 2021 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies **Link:** [aclanthology.org/2021.iwpt-1.15](https://aclanthology.org/2021.iwpt-1.15/) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

[**18** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3183971965) openalex · 2026-10-18[**12** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/ud-2021-bouma-raw-text-enhanced-universal-dependencies/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Parsing Technologies and the IWPT 2021 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies (IWPT 2021)](https://aclanthology.org/volumes/2021.iwpt-1/)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2021.iwpt-1.15/)
- [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2021.iwpt-1.15.pdf)
- [DOI 10.18653/v1/2021.iwpt-1.15](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.iwpt-1.15)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W3183971965)

**Authors (3)**

1. [Gosse Bouma](https://openalex.org/A5040322057) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-3181) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/144254013) · h 30 · 4489 citations · 187 works
2. [Djamé Seddah](https://openalex.org/A5010519567) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0194-8197) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/1679170) · h 22 · 3686 citations · 202 works
3. [Daniel Zeman](https://openalex.org/A5061392927) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-6568) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/1771298) · h 28 · 4506 citations · 176 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

The shared task asks systems to parse raw text all the way to Enhanced Universal Dependencies (EUD), the graph layer that adds propagated conjuncts, controlled subjects, relative-clause antecedents, gapping and orphans. The main metric is ELAS, the F1 over labelled enhanced edges. The paper gives the metrics, the languages and the test data, and compares the teams with the 2020 edition. The best system, TGIF, reaches the highest ELAS for most languages, and most systems beat a baseline that copies basic UD into EUD. Per-phenomenon scores show that coordination, control and relative clauses differ a lot between systems, and that some systems ignore gapping and orphans.

## Ideas

- I1. `prag` and `en` enhanced layer: add the per-phenomenon breakdown of Table 6 to `en ud-eval` (gapping, orphans, coordination, control, relatives) and report each on EWT test, as the first measurement of the enhanced layer.
- I2. `en/src/lin.rs` and `en/src/parse.rs`: the controlled-subject edge as a rule on top of the basic tree, measured by its F1 on the controlled-subject class of the EUD classifier (test only).
- I3. Baseline check: copy the basic tree to EUD and score it with the paper's script, as the floor for any enhanced layer Mova adds.

## For Mova

Mova keeps Enhanced UD as a derived layer, so this task is the benchmark for it. The phenomena list is also the list `prag` needs to read frames correctly. Relevant chapters are `languages/en/21-clause-structure`, `23-complementation`, `24-coordination-subordination`, `25-relative-clauses` and `29-ellipsis-word-order-information-structure`. Measure first the per-phenomenon ELAS of the copy baseline on EWT, the floor before any rule.

Topics: [Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/universal-dependencies/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.18653/v1/2021.iwpt-1.15](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.iwpt-1.15)

```
@inproceedings{bouma2021raw,
  title = {{From Raw Text to Enhanced Universal Dependencies: The Parsing Shared Task at IWPT 2021}},
  author = {Bouma, Gosse and Seddah, Djamé and Zeman, Daniel},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Parsing Technologies and the IWPT 2021 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies (IWPT 2021)},
  year = {2021},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2021.iwpt-1.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.iwpt-1.15}
}
```

- [← previous pyBART: Evidence-based Syntactic Transformations for IE](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ud-2020-tiktinsky-pybart-evidence-based-syntactic-transformations/)
- [next → How useful are Enhanced Universal Dependencies for semantic interpretation?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ud-2021-findlay-how-useful-are-enhanced-universal/)
- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)

## References

22 references, 10 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

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[find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Daniel+Zeman%2C+Jan+Hajic%CC%8C%2C+Martin+Popel%2C+Martin+Potthast%2C+Milan+Straka%2C+Filip+Ginter%2C+Joakim+Nivre%2C+and+Slav+Petrov%2E+2018%2E+CoNLL+2018+shared+task%3A+Multilingual+parsing+from+raw+text+to+universal+depend) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ud-2018-zeman-conll-2018-shared-task-multilingual/)
22. Daniel Zeman, Martin Popel, Milan Straka, Jan Hajič, Joakim Nivre, Filip Ginter, Juhani Luotolahti, Sampo Pyysalo, Slav Petrov, Martin Potthast, Francis Tyers, Elena Badmaeva, Memduh Gökırmak, Anna Nedoluzhko, Silvie Cinková, Jan Hajič jr., Jaroslava Hlaváčová, Václava Kettnerová, Zdeňka Urešová, Jenna Kanerva, Stina Ojala, Anna Missilä, Christopher D. Manning, Sebastian Schuster, Siva Reddy, Dima Taji, Nizar Habash, Herman Leung, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Manuela Sanguinetti, Maria Simi, Hiroshi Kanayama, Valeria de Paiva, Kira Droganova, Héctor Martínez Alonso, Çağrı Çöltekin, Umut Sulubacak, Hans Uszkoreit, Vivien Macketanz, Aljoscha Burchardt, Kim Harris, Katrin Marheinecke, Georg Rehm, Tolga Kayadelen, Mohammed Attia, Ali Elkahky, Zhuoran Yu, Emily Pitler, Saran Lertpradit, Michael Mandl, Jesse Kirchner, Hector Fernandez Alcalde, Jana Strnadová, Esha Banerjee, Ruli Manurung, Antonio Stella, Atsuko Shimada, Sookyoung Kwak, Gustavo Mendonca, Tatiana Lando, Rattima Nitisaroj, and Josie Li. 2017. Conll 2017 shared task: Multilingual parsing from raw text to universal dependencies. In Proceedings of the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies, pages 1–19, Vancouver, Canada. Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Daniel+Zeman%2C+Martin+Popel%2C+Milan+Straka%2C+Jan+Hajic%CC%8C%2C+Joakim+Nivre%2C+Filip+Ginter%2C+Juhani+Luotolahti%2C+Sampo+Pyysalo%2C+Slav+Petrov%2C+Martin+Potthast%2C+Francis+Tyers%2C+Elena+Badmaeva%2C+Memduh+G%C3%B6k%C4%B1rmak%2C+Anna+N) [our card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ud-2017-zeman-conll-2017-shared-task-multilingual/)