[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ud-2025-yang-ud-english-childes-collected-resource/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [docs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/) / [papers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/) / UD-English-CHILDES: A Collected Resource of Gold and Silver Universal Dependencies Trees for Child Language Interactions # UD-English-CHILDES: A Collected Resource of Gold and Silver Universal Dependencies Trees for Child Language Interactions **Authors:** [Xiulin Yang](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/xiulin-yang/), Zhuoxuan Ju, Lanni Bu, [Zoey Liu](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/zoey-liu/), [Nathan Schneider](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/nathan-schneider/) · **Year:** 2025 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW, SyntaxFest 2025) **Link:** [aclanthology.org/2025.udw-1.6](https://aclanthology.org/2025.udw-1.6/) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) [**0** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4417168602) openalex · 2026-10-18[**4** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/ud-2025-yang-ud-english-childes-collected-resource/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW, SyntaxFest 2025)](https://aclanthology.org/volumes/2025.udw-1/)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) - [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2025.udw-1.6/) - [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2025.udw-1.6.pdf) - [arXiv 2504.20304](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20304) - [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4417168602) **Authors (5)** 1. [Xiulin Yang](https://openalex.org/A5101052166) h 1 · 5 citations · 25 works 2. [Zhuoxuan Ju](https://openalex.org/A5120024579) h 1 · 2 citations · 6 works 3. [Lanni Bu](https://openalex.org/A5120280657) h 0 · 0 citations · 4 works 4. [Zoey Liu](https://openalex.org/A5063501461) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5313-157X) · h 8 · 232 citations · 44 works 5. [Nathan Schneider](https://openalex.org/A5014008069) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-0533) · h 28 · 6684 citations · 159 works Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart. ## What it is about The authors collect several earlier dependency-annotated CHILDES corpora, harmonise them to one set of UD v2 principles and release the first official UD treebank of child-adult speech. The gold part has about 48k sentences (236k tokens) from 11 children and their caregivers. About 8,000 corrections were made, many because automatic UPOS tags did not match the dependency labels. A further 1M sentences are silver, parsed with Stanza. Stanza's LAS on the gold data is 83.3, which is the baseline the silver quality is judged by. The contribution is the resource and its validation, not a new parser. ## Ideas - I1. `annot`: check the silver quality of the teacher pipeline on the gold part of this treebank before any silver is used for training: LAS and UAS per child, with the gold trees as truth (test only). - I2. `en/src/convert.rs`: a converter from the UD-English-CHILDES files into the `mova` dialect, checked by the UD validator and by the count of UPOS and deprel mismatches per 1k sentences. - I3. `en/src/ud.rs` backoff tables: count UPOS-deprel mismatches in the silver output of `en` on CHILDES utterances; the paper's main correction class (`en ud-eval` on gold). ## For Mova This is the reference CHILDES treebank in UD, and Mova's CHILDES source is the one it lists for training. Before the silver part is used, the paper's quality check should be repeated with Mova's own parser. Relevant chapters are `languages/en/10-word-classes` (UPOS and the UPOS-deprel link) and `20-syntax-overview`. Measure first the UPOS-deprel mismatch rate in `en` output on the gold part, with the split of this paper held out. Topics: [Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/universal-dependencies/) ## Cite The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [arXiv 2504.20304](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20304) ``` @inproceedings{yang2025ud, title = {{UD-English-CHILDES: A Collected Resource of Gold and Silver Universal Dependencies Trees for Child Language Interactions}}, author = {Yang, Xiulin and Ju, Zhuoxuan and Bu, Lanni and Liu, Zoey and Schneider, Nathan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW, SyntaxFest 2025)}, year = {2025}, eprint = {2504.20304}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20304} } ``` - [← previous Head-initial and head-Final coordinate structures in two annotation schemes of dependency grammar](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ud-2025-osborne-head-initial-head-final-coordinate/) - [next → A Proposal for a More Universal Annotation of Relative Clauses in Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/ud-2026-herrera-proposal-more-universal-annotation-relative/) - [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/) ## References 2 references, 0 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet. 1. Omri Abend, Tom Kwiatkowski, Nathaniel J. Smith, Sharon Goldwater, and Mark Steedman. 2017. Bootstrapping language acquisition. Cognition, 164:116– 143. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Omri+Abend%2C+Tom+Kwiatkowski%2C+Nathaniel+J%2E+Smith%2C+Sharon+Goldwater%2C+and+Mark+Steedman%2E+2017%2E+Bootstrapping+language+acquisition%2E+Cognition%2C+164%3A116%E2%80%93+143%2E) 2. Ruth A. Berman. 1990. On acquiring an (S)VO language: subjectless sentences in children’s Hebrew. Linguistics, 28(6):1135–1166. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ruth+A%2E+Berman%2E+1990%2E+On+acquiring+an+%28S%29VO+language%3A+subjectless+sentences+in+children%E2%80%99s+Hebrew%2E+Linguistics%2C+28%286%29%3A1135%E2%80%931166%2E)