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# Universal Decompositional Semantics on Universal Dependencies

**Authors:** [Aaron Steven White](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/aaron-steven-white/), Drew Reisinger, [Keisuke Sakaguchi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/keisuke-sakaguchi/), Tim Vieira, Sheng Zhang, [Rachel Rudinger](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/rachel-rudinger/), Kyle Rawlins, [Benjamin Van Durme](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/benjamin-van-durme/) · **Year:** 2016 · **Venue:** EMNLP 2016 **Link:** [aclanthology.org/D16-1177](https://aclanthology.org/D16-1177/) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (paper); the Decomp annotations sit on the English Web Treebank — tests only

[**125** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2567181374) openalex · 2026-10-18[**86** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/white-2016-universal-decompositional-semantics-universal-dependencies/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing](https://aclanthology.org/volumes/D16-1/)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/D16-1177/)
- [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/D16-1177.pdf)
- [DOI 10.18653/v1/d16-1177](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1177)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2567181374)

**Authors (8)**

1. [Aaron Steven White](https://openalex.org/A5090639239) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-9246) · h 19 · 1185 citations · 69 works
2. [Drew Reisinger](https://openalex.org/A5023708090) h 3 · 196 citations · 6 works
3. [Keisuke Sakaguchi](https://openalex.org/A5101067919) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-1732) · h 27 · 3103 citations · 110 works
4. [Tim Vieira](https://openalex.org/A5052346902) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9421-6755) · h 10 · 634 citations · 57 works
5. [Sheng Zhang](https://openalex.org/A5100394046) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1732-0011) · h 24 · 3529 citations · 131 works
6. [Rachel Rudinger](https://openalex.org/A5082447472) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5506-4701) · h 20 · 2660 citations · 90 works
7. [Kyle Rawlins](https://openalex.org/A5028288589) h 20 · 1552 citations · 70 works
8. [Benjamin Van Durme](https://openalex.org/A5075825791) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-4288) · h 51 · 9972 citations · 392 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

The Decomp project adds semantic annotation on top of UD treebanks by asking ordinary speakers simple, decomposed questions with Likert-scale answers instead of asking for labels like Agent. PredPatt, a deterministic, unlexicalised rule system over UD trees, extracts predicate-argument structures (also from appositives, possessives, copulas; resolving arguments of coordinated predicates, relative clauses and embedded clauses); its manual precision on English gold trees is 86%. The semantic proto-role protocol (SPR2), after Dowty, asks per argument how likely it is that it caused the event, chose to be involved, was aware, was sentient, changed location, existed before/during/after, changed possession, changed state, was used, benefited, was only partly involved. 3,806 arguments of 2,759 predicates in EWT were annotated twice (mean pairwise Spearman 0.62). An event protocol asks whether a word names an event and whether, by the author, it happened (raw agreement 0.82); a word-sense protocol decomposes noun senses.

## Ideas

- I1. A realis flag on every frame: did the event happen according to the text? Mova has `neg` and `cond`; add «not realised» for the complement of *want/plan/try/hope/refuse/promise*, for future and modal frames, and for imperatives, so the student does not answer «Did the fox get the cheese?» yes from «the fox wanted to get the cheese». A rule over the frame's head verb class (VerbNet desire/promise classes) in `prag/src/frames.rs`; measure yes/no course questions and with `world knowledge diagnose`, with a minimal-pair test (wanted to X / did X).
- I2. Derive proto-role properties for each frame argument from what Mova already knows instead of a single label: sentient (animacy level 1), changed possession/location/state (the VerbNet semantic predicates in `prag/data/verbnet.tsv`, see `brown-2019-verbnet-representations-subevent-semantics-transfer` I1), instigated (subject of a non-unaccusative frame). Questions like «Who was hurt?», «What changed?», «Who was moved?» can then match a property rather than a role name. Count course questions of these shapes first.
- I3. Check Mova's frames against PredPatt's argument-resolution cases as a test list: relative-clause arguments («The books John borrowed are overdue» → books is the patient of borrowed and the subject of overdue), coordinated predicates with control («likes to sing and dance»), possessive and appositive relations. Each case a reader test with the expected frames.

## More ideas (a second reading)

- I4. `prag` predicate extraction: a PredPatt-like rule module over the `en` UD trees, producing predicate names and argument spans with the paper's filters; measure precision on 100 extractions from EWT test judged by hand, and the number of arguments found per verb.
- I5. `en/src/ctx.rs` and `prag`: recover missing subjects of coordinated verbs and of relative clauses by argument resolution; measure the share of verbs with no subject in EWT test before and after, and the precision of the recovered subjects.
- I6. Proto-role rules in `prag` for volition, sentience and change of state, computed from UD relations and the verb lemma; measure agreement with a set of 100 arguments that we judge by hand, reported as Spearman, the same statistic the paper uses.
- I7. Event realis in `prag`: a rule for whether an event happened, from tense, negation, modals (`aux`, `neg`) and the sentence type; measure accuracy against 200 predicates we label by hand, with the paper's 0.82 agreement as a rough ceiling.

## For Mova

[28. Voice and the passive](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/28-voice-and-passive/), `25-relative-clauses.md`, `13-verbs.md` (mood and modality), `30-pragmatics-overview.md` §5. Code: `prag/src/frames.rs` (realis, relative-clause roles), `prag/src/vn.rs`, `world/src/knowledge.rs`. Measures: yes/no course questions right, diagnosis step shares, frame bench role F1, reader tests.

Topics: [Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/universal-dependencies/) · [Semantic role labeling](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/semantic-role-labeling/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.18653/v1/d16-1177](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1177)

```
@inproceedings{white2016universal,
  title = {{Universal Decompositional Semantics on Universal Dependencies}},
  author = {White, Aaron Steven and Reisinger, Drew and Sakaguchi, Keisuke and Vieira, Tim and Zhang, Sheng and Rudinger, Rachel and Rawlins, Kyle and Durme, Benjamin Van},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year = {2016},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/d16-1177},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1177}
}
```

- [← previous Committed Belief Tagging on the Factbank and LU Corpora: A Comparative Study](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/werner-2015-committed-belief-tagging-factbank-lu/)
- [next → Inference is Everything: Recasting Semantic Resources into a Unified Evaluation Framework](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/white-2017-inference-is-everything-recasting-semantic/)
- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)

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