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- [papers.md](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/brh/kholum/papers/) — Papers: UD_Brahui-Kholum

# UD_Brahui-Kholum

Treebank card from UD release 2.18: metadata and texts come from `UD_Brahui-Kholum/README.md`; size is counted by streaming the `.conllu` files and checked against the release `stats.xml`. Generated by `tools/treebanks build`; do not edit by hand. Papers: [Papers: UD_Brahui-Kholum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/brh/kholum/papers/); seeds: `seeds/`; converter: `convert.md`.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| UD name | UD_Brahui-Kholum |
| Language | Brahui (`brh`) |
| Family | Dravidian |
| Treebank code | `brh_kholum` |
| UD page | [universaldependencies.org/treebanks/brh kholum/index.html](https://universaldependencies.org/treebanks/brh_kholum/index.html) |
| License | CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Genres | fiction, news |
| Text in data | yes |
| Parallel | no |
| In UD since | UD v2.18 |
| Authors | Muhammad Afzal; Luigi Talamo; Helena Vaz; Annemarie Verkerk |
| Contact | [annemarie.verkerk@uni-saarland.de](mailto:annemarie.verkerk@uni-saarland.de) |
| Development | in the UD repo (here) |

## Annotation layers

| Layer | Origin |
| --- | --- |
| Lemmas | manual native |
| UPOS | manual native |
| XPOS | not available |
| Features | manual native |
| Relations | manual native |

UD scale: *manual native* — annotated by hand directly in UD; *converted from manual* — converted from manual annotation in another scheme; *converted with corrections* — converted and partly corrected by hand; *automatic with corrections* — automatic, with partial manual corrections; *automatic* — automatic; *not available* — the layer is absent.

## Size

| Split | Sentences | Tokens | Words | Multiword tokens | Empty nodes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| test | 64 | 819 | 819 | 0 | 0 |
| **total** | 64 | 819 | 819 | 0 | 0 |

Tokens are surface tokens (Spanish `vámonos` is one), words are syntactic words (`vamos` + `nos`); multiword tokens are those split into several words; empty nodes are the `N.M` nodes of the enhanced graph. Splits train, dev are absent from the release.

## Summary

> The Kholum treebank is a manually annotated corpus in Brahui.

## Introduction

> It contains **52 sentences** of a short story called "Grains of Wheat" from the book "Brahui Texts" by Liaquat Ali (Latin script) and **12 sentences** from a news article from the Balochistan Post (Arabic Script: [tbpbrahui.com/2025/10/72017](https://tbpbrahui.com/2025/10/72017/)). The data has been annotated according to Universal Dependencies guidelines.
> 
> The corpus is not split as there are not enough sentences for multiple splits:
> 
> | Split | Number of sentences |
> | --- | --- |
> | Test | 12 (Insaf na Khon) + 52 (Grains of Wheat) |
> 
> Annotation follows the Universal Dependencies v2 guidelines for tokenization, part-of-speech tags, and dependency relations.
> 
> The news article was collected manually from the news article

- [↑ back to Brahui (brh) — UD 2.18 treebanks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/brh/)