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- [papers.md](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/da/ddt/papers/) — Papers: UD_Danish-DDT

# UD_Danish-DDT

Treebank card from UD release 2.18: metadata and texts come from `UD_Danish-DDT/README.md`; size is counted by streaming the `.conllu` files and checked against the release `stats.xml`. Generated by `tools/treebanks build`; do not edit by hand. Papers: [Papers: UD_Danish-DDT](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/da/ddt/papers/); seeds: `seeds/`; converter: `convert.md`.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| UD name | UD_Danish-DDT |
| Language | Danish (`da`) |
| Family | IE |
| Treebank code | `da_ddt` |
| UD page | [universaldependencies.org/treebanks/da ddt/index.html](https://universaldependencies.org/treebanks/da_ddt/index.html) |
| License | CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Genres | news, fiction, spoken, nonfiction |
| Text in data | yes |
| Parallel | no |
| In UD since | UD v1.1 |
| Authors | Anders Johannsen; Héctor Martínez Alonso; Barbara Plank |
| Contact | [zeman@ufal.mff.cuni.cz](mailto:zeman@ufal.mff.cuni.cz) |
| Development | in the UD repo (here) |

## Annotation layers

| Layer | Origin |
| --- | --- |
| Lemmas | converted from manual |
| UPOS | converted from manual |
| XPOS | not available |
| Features | converted from manual |
| Relations | converted from manual |

UD scale: *manual native* — annotated by hand directly in UD; *converted from manual* — converted from manual annotation in another scheme; *converted with corrections* — converted and partly corrected by hand; *automatic with corrections* — automatic, with partial manual corrections; *automatic* — automatic; *not available* — the layer is absent.

## Size

| Split | Sentences | Tokens | Words | Multiword tokens | Empty nodes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| train | 4 383 | 80 378 | 80 378 | 0 | 0 |
| dev | 564 | 10 332 | 10 332 | 0 | 0 |
| test | 565 | 10 023 | 10 023 | 0 | 0 |
| **total** | 5 512 | 100 733 | 100 733 | 0 | 0 |

Tokens are surface tokens (Spanish `vámonos` is one), words are syntactic words (`vamos` + `nos`); multiword tokens are those split into several words; empty nodes are the `N.M` nodes of the enhanced graph.

## Summary

> The Danish UD treebank is a conversion of the Danish Dependency Treebank.

## Introduction

> The Danish UD treebank has been converted from the Danish Dependency Treebank (Buch-Kromman,2003) into Universal Dependencies (UD). It consists of 5,512 sentences (100k words). The Danish source texts and the Danish part-of-speech tags were created by the PAROLE-DK project (Keson 1998) by the Danish Society for Language and Literature.
> 
> In the DDT formalism, determiners head nouns, and auxiliaries head verbs. In order to promote content words to heads, we have applied a cascade of graph transformations that make function words (determiners, auxiliaries, conjunctions, etc) leaves in the dependency tree, instead of intermediate elements between content heads.
> 
> The part-of-speech tags and labels from the original treebank have been partially converted using mappings, and partially using the new calculated tree structure as a reference to assign labels.
> 
> The Danish Dependency Treebank was released under the GNU GPL license, hence that license can be used for UD_Danish as well. However, since GPL is more suitable for programs than for data (see [github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs/issues/296](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs/issues/296) for a discussion), we asked for and Matthias Buch-Kromann was kind enough to grant the permission to use the Creative Commons license as an alternative.

- [↑ back to Danish (da) — UD 2.18 treebanks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/da/)