[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/it/old/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [docs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/) / [treebanks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/) / [it](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/it/) / UD_Italian-Old - [papers.md](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/it/old/papers/) — Papers: UD_Italian-Old # UD_Italian-Old Treebank card from UD release 2.18: metadata and texts come from `UD_Italian-Old/README.md`; size is counted by streaming the `.conllu` files and checked against the release `stats.xml`. Generated by `tools/treebanks build`; do not edit by hand. Papers: [Papers: UD_Italian-Old](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/it/old/papers/); seeds: `seeds/`; converter: `convert.md`. | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | UD name | UD_Italian-Old | | Language | Italian (`it`) | | Family | IE | | Treebank code | `it_old` | | UD page | [universaldependencies.org/treebanks/it old/index.html](https://universaldependencies.org/treebanks/it_old/index.html) | | License | CC BY-SA 4.0 | | Genres | poetry | | Text in data | yes | | Parallel | no | | In UD since | UD v2.13 | | Authors | Claudia Corbetta; Marco Passarotti; Flavio Massimiliano Cecchini; Giovanni Moretti | | Contact | [claudia.corbetta@unibg.it](mailto:claudia.corbetta@unibg.it) | | Development | in the UD repo (here) | ## Annotation layers | Layer | Origin | | --- | --- | | Lemmas | converted with corrections | | UPOS | converted with corrections | | XPOS | automatic | | Features | converted with corrections | | Relations | manual native | UD scale: *manual native* — annotated by hand directly in UD; *converted from manual* — converted from manual annotation in another scheme; *converted with corrections* — converted and partly corrected by hand; *automatic with corrections* — automatic, with partial manual corrections; *automatic* — automatic; *not available* — the layer is absent. ## Size | Split | Sentences | Tokens | Words | Multiword tokens | Empty nodes | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | train | 2 774 | 95 302 | 97 666 | 2 340 | 228 | | dev | 308 | 11 940 | 12 218 | 278 | 45 | | test | 337 | 11 818 | 12 140 | 318 | 33 | | **total** | 3 419 | 119 060 | 122 024 | 2 936 | 306 | Tokens are surface tokens (Spanish `vámonos` is one), words are syntactic words (`vamos` + `nos`); multiword tokens are those split into several words; empty nodes are the `N.M` nodes of the enhanced graph. ## Summary > Italian-Old is a treebank containing **Dante Alighieri's Comedy** (composed between approximately 1306 and 1321), based on the 1994 Petrocchi edition and taken from the [**DanteSearch corpus**](https://dantesearch.dantenetwork.it), originally created at the University of Pisa, Italy. It is a treebank of Old Italian, specifically Florentine. ## Introduction > This treebank includes 3 419 sentences (122 038 syntactic words) and is a literary text (poetry). It is divided into three sections, known as Cantiche: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. Specifically, Inferno includes 1 228 sentences and 41 368 syntactic words; Purgatorio consists of 1 174 sentences and 41 277 syntactic words; while Paradiso contains 1 017 sentences and 39 393 syntactic words. > > The treebank is split into three subsets, `dev`, `test` and `train`, with approximate ratios of 10%, 10%, and 80%, respectively, for Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. These subsets are then merged into unique `dev`, `test` and `train` sets. > > The distribution of Inferno (tokens: 41 368) with respect to the subsets is as follows: > > - `train`: 1002 sentences (OldItalian_Dante_Inferno-1; OldItalian_Dante_Inferno-1002) - 33104 tokens > - `dev`: 107 sentences (OldItalian_Dante_Inferno-1003; OldItalian_Dante_Inferno-1109) - 4136 tokens > - `test`: 119 sentences (OldItalian_Dante_Inferno-1110; OldItalian_Dante_Inferno-1228) - 4128 tokens > > The distribution of Purgatorio (tokens: 41 277) with respect to the subsets is as follows: > > - `train`: 958 sentences (OldItalian_Dante_Purgatorio-1; OldItalian_Dante_Purgatorio-958) - 33031 tokens > - `dev`: 100 sentences (OldItalian_Dante_Purgatorio-959; OldItalian_Dante_Purgatorio-1058) - 4130 tokens > - `test`: 116 sentences (OldItalian_Dante_Purgatorio-1059; OldItalian_Dante_Purgatorio-1174) - 4116 tokens > > The distribution of Paradiso (tokens: 39 393) with respect to the subsets is as follows: > > - `train`: 814 sentences (OldItalian_Dante_Paradiso-1; OldItalian_Dante_Paradiso-814) - 31546 tokens > - `dev`: 101 sentences (OldItalian_Dante_Paradiso-815; OldItalian_Dante_Paradiso-915) - 3951 tokens > - `test`: 102 sentences (OldItalian_Dante_Paradiso-916; OldItalian_Dante_Paradiso-1017) - 3896 tokens > > The treebank also includes enhanced dependencies annotation, with a specific focus on the `orphan` dependency relation. For the criteria adopted in the enhanced annotation, please refer to the paper "«Are you Afraid of Ghosts?» A Proposal for Busting Predicate Ellipsis in Universal Dependencies" (Corbetta et al., 2025). > > **!! Italian-Old treebank is still under revision to check for mistakes and inconsistencies throughout the annotation of the Cantiche; therefore, its structure is subject to change. If you use the resource and find any problems, please do not hesitate to contact the author to suggest a correction or improvement.** - [← previous UD_Italian-MarkIT](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/it/markit/) - [next → UD_Italian-ParlaMint](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/it/parlamint/) - [↑ back to Italian (it) — UD 2.18 treebanks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/it/)