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- [papers.md](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/it/valico/papers/) — Papers: UD_Italian-Valico

# UD_Italian-Valico

Treebank card from UD release 2.18: metadata and texts come from `UD_Italian-Valico/README.md`; size is counted by streaming the `.conllu` files and checked against the release `stats.xml`. Generated by `tools/treebanks build`; do not edit by hand. Papers: [Papers: UD_Italian-Valico](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/it/valico/papers/); seeds: `seeds/`; converter: `convert.md`.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| UD name | UD_Italian-Valico |
| Language | Italian (`it`) |
| Family | IE |
| Treebank code | `it_valico` |
| UD page | [universaldependencies.org/treebanks/it valico/index.html](https://universaldependencies.org/treebanks/it_valico/index.html) |
| License | CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Genres | learner-essays |
| Text in data | yes |
| Parallel | no |
| In UD since | UD v2.8 |
| Authors | Elisa Di Nuovo; Manuela Sanguinetti; Cristina Bosco; Alessandro Mazzei |
| Contact | [elisa.dinuovo@unito.it](mailto:elisa.dinuovo@unito.it) |
| Development | outside the UD repo (elsewhere): fixes go to the source or the converter |

## Annotation layers

| Layer | Origin |
| --- | --- |
| Lemmas | manual native |
| UPOS | manual native |
| XPOS | manual native |
| Features | manual native |
| Relations | manual native |

UD scale: *manual native* — annotated by hand directly in UD; *converted from manual* — converted from manual annotation in another scheme; *converted with corrections* — converted and partly corrected by hand; *automatic with corrections* — automatic, with partial manual corrections; *automatic* — automatic; *not available* — the layer is absent.

## Size

| Split | Sentences | Tokens | Words | Multiword tokens | Empty nodes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| test | 398 | 6 508 | 6 784 | 273 | 0 |
| **total** | 398 | 6 508 | 6 784 | 273 | 0 |

Tokens are surface tokens (Spanish `vámonos` is one), words are syntactic words (`vamos` + `nos`); multiword tokens are those split into several words; empty nodes are the `N.M` nodes of the enhanced graph. Splits train, dev are absent from the release.

## Summary

> Manually corrected Treebank of Learner Italian drawn from the Valico corpus and correspondent corrected sentences.

## Introduction

> UD Italian-Valico is a collection of 36 Italian as a Second Language texts (398 sentences and 6,784 tokens), in the Universal Dependencies formalism elicited from a comic strip. Each text is matched with a corrected version (TH) and both are automatically annotated and then manually corrected. The corrected texts are in corrected/it_thvalico-ud-test.conllu. In addition, error annotation is provided in the err field. The annotations follow the standard Italian UD guidelines, along with a set of supplementary guidelines for error and dependency annotation ([github.com/ElisaDiNuovo/VALICO-UD guidelines](https://github.com/ElisaDiNuovo/VALICO-UD_guidelines)). The treebank represents English, French, German, and Spanish learners of Italian at three different year of study. There are 9 texts for each native language and 3 texts per year of study.
> 
> The treebank is realised as test set (TH are in corrected folder).
> 
> Each sentence id is structured as a-bb_xx-c, where:
> 
> a is the number of the text (from 1 to 36);
> 
> bb is the number of the sentence in the text;
> 
> xx is the ISO code for the learner's native language;
> 
> c is the learner's year of study of Italian.
> 
> For example:
> 
> 1-01_fr-3 indicates the 1st sentence of the 1st text of the treebank which is written by a French learner at their 3rd year of study; and
> 
> 35-27_en-1 indicates the 27th sentence of the 35th text of the treebank which is written by a English learner at their 1st year of study.

- [← previous UD_Italian-TWITTIRO](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/it/twittiro/)
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