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- [papers.md](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/kk/ktb/papers/) — Papers: UD_Kazakh-KTB

# UD_Kazakh-KTB

Treebank card from UD release 2.18: metadata and texts come from `UD_Kazakh-KTB/README.md`; size is counted by streaming the `.conllu` files and checked against the release `stats.xml`. Generated by `tools/treebanks build`; do not edit by hand. Papers: [Papers: UD_Kazakh-KTB](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/kk/ktb/papers/); seeds: `seeds/`; converter: `convert.md`.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| UD name | UD_Kazakh-KTB |
| Language | Kazakh (`kk`) |
| Family | Turkic |
| Treebank code | `kk_ktb` |
| UD page | [universaldependencies.org/treebanks/kk ktb/index.html](https://universaldependencies.org/treebanks/kk_ktb/index.html) |
| License | CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Genres | wiki, fiction, news |
| Text in data | yes |
| Parallel | no |
| In UD since | UD v1.3 |
| Authors | Aibek Makazhanov; Jonathan North Washington; Francis Tyers |
| Contact | [aibek.makazhanov@nu.edu.kz](mailto:aibek.makazhanov@nu.edu.kz), [jonathan.north.washington@gmail.com](mailto:jonathan.north.washington@gmail.com), [ftyers@prompsit.com](mailto:ftyers@prompsit.com) |
| Development | outside the UD repo (elsewhere): fixes go to the source or the converter |

## Annotation layers

| Layer | Origin |
| --- | --- |
| Lemmas | manual native |
| UPOS | converted from manual |
| XPOS | manual native |
| Features | converted from manual |
| Relations | manual native |

UD scale: *manual native* — annotated by hand directly in UD; *converted from manual* — converted from manual annotation in another scheme; *converted with corrections* — converted and partly corrected by hand; *automatic with corrections* — automatic, with partial manual corrections; *automatic* — automatic; *not available* — the layer is absent.

## Size

| Split | Sentences | Tokens | Words | Multiword tokens | Empty nodes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| train | 31 | 520 | 529 | 9 | 0 |
| test | 1 047 | 9 975 | 10 007 | 32 | 0 |
| **total** | 1 078 | 10 495 | 10 536 | 41 | 0 |

Tokens are surface tokens (Spanish `vámonos` is one), words are syntactic words (`vamos` + `nos`); multiword tokens are those split into several words; empty nodes are the `N.M` nodes of the enhanced graph. Splits dev are absent from the release.

## Summary

> The UD Kazakh treebank is a combination of text from various sources including Wikipedia, some folk tales, sentences from the UDHR, news and phrasebook sentences. Sentences IDs include partial document identifiers.

## Introduction

> The tokenisation in the Kazakh UD treebank follows the principles of [Turkic lexica in Apertium](http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Turkic_lexicon). Morphological processing in the Kazakh UD treebank follows the principles of [Turkic lexica in Apertium](http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Turkic_lexicon). The file designated as “train” is just a small sample to show how the data looks like to shared task participants. The treebank is too small to provide for a standard training-development-test split. Instead, users are advised to merge both files, then jack-knife and report results of ten-fold cross-validation.

- [↑ back to Kazakh (kk) — UD 2.18 treebanks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/kk/)