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- [papers.md](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/mt/mudt/papers/) — Papers: UD_Maltese-MUDT

# UD_Maltese-MUDT

Treebank card from UD release 2.18: metadata and texts come from `UD_Maltese-MUDT/README.md`; size is counted by streaming the `.conllu` files and checked against the release `stats.xml`. Generated by `tools/treebanks build`; do not edit by hand. Papers: [Papers: UD_Maltese-MUDT](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/mt/mudt/papers/); seeds: `seeds/`; converter: `convert.md`.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| UD name | UD_Maltese-MUDT |
| Language | Maltese (`mt`) |
| Family | Afro-Asiatic |
| Treebank code | `mt_mudt` |
| UD page | [universaldependencies.org/treebanks/mt mudt/index.html](https://universaldependencies.org/treebanks/mt_mudt/index.html) |
| License | CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Genres | news, legal, nonfiction, fiction, wiki |
| Text in data | yes |
| Parallel | no |
| In UD since | UD v2.3 |
| Authors | Slavomír Čéplö; Daniel Zeman |
| Contact | [bulbul@bulbul.sk](mailto:bulbul@bulbul.sk) |
| Development | in the UD repo (here) |

## Annotation layers

| Layer | Origin |
| --- | --- |
| Lemmas | not available |
| UPOS | converted from manual |
| XPOS | manual native |
| Features | not available |
| Relations | manual native |

UD scale: *manual native* — annotated by hand directly in UD; *converted from manual* — converted from manual annotation in another scheme; *converted with corrections* — converted and partly corrected by hand; *automatic with corrections* — automatic, with partial manual corrections; *automatic* — automatic; *not available* — the layer is absent.

## Size

| Split | Sentences | Tokens | Words | Multiword tokens | Empty nodes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| train | 1 123 | 22 880 | 22 880 | 0 | 0 |
| dev | 433 | 10 209 | 10 209 | 0 | 0 |
| test | 518 | 11 073 | 11 073 | 0 | 0 |
| **total** | 2 074 | 44 162 | 44 162 | 0 | 0 |

Tokens are surface tokens (Spanish `vámonos` is one), words are syntactic words (`vamos` + `nos`); multiword tokens are those split into several words; empty nodes are the `N.M` nodes of the enhanced graph.

## Summary

> MUDT (Maltese Universal Dependencies Treebank) is a manually annotated treebank of Maltese, a Semitic language of Malta descended from North African Arabic with a significant amount of Italo-Romance influence. MUDT was designed as a balanced corpus with four major genres (see Splitting below) represented roughly equally.

## Introduction

> ## Origin
> 
> This treebank is the product of the PhD thesis *Constituent order in Maltese: A quantitative analysis* by Slavomír Čéplö. The text (see References) contains a detailed description of the annotation decisions and composition of the treebank. The treebank was originally produced in accordance with UDv1, then brought up to the UDv2.5 standard.
> 
> ## Splitting
> 
> MUDT contains 2074 sentences and 44,162 tokens (both defined orthographically) in the following text types:
> 
> | Text type | Subtype | Sentence count |
> | --- | --- | --- |
> | newspaper | news | 239 |
> |  | op-eds | 240 |
> |  | *Subtotal* | *479* |
> | quasi-spoken | newspaper interviews | 280 |
> |  | parliament: debates and Q&A | 294 |
> |  | *Subtotal* | *574* |
> | fiction | short stories | 246 |
> |  | novel chapters | 251 |
> |  | *Subtotal* | *497* |
> | non-fiction | humanities | 249 |
> |  | science, encyclopedic and instructional | 275 |
> |  | *Subtotal* | *524* |
> |  |  |  |
> |  | **Total** | **2074** |
> 
> The annotated sentences have been manually split into train, test and dev sets as follows:
> 
> | File | Sentence count | Token count |
> | --- | --- | --- |
> | mt_mudt-ud-train.conllu | 1123 | 22880 |
> | mt_mudt-ud-test.conllu | 518 | 11073 |
> | mt_mudt-ud-dev.conllu | 433 | 10209 |

- [↑ back to Maltese (mt) — UD 2.18 treebanks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/mt/)