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- [papers.md](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/ota/dudu/papers/) — Papers: UD_Ottoman_Turkish-DUDU

# UD_Ottoman_Turkish-DUDU

Treebank card from UD release 2.18: metadata and texts come from `UD_Ottoman_Turkish-DUDU/README.md`; size is counted by streaming the `.conllu` files and checked against the release `stats.xml`. Generated by `tools/treebanks build`; do not edit by hand. Papers: [Papers: UD_Ottoman_Turkish-DUDU](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/ota/dudu/papers/); seeds: `seeds/`; converter: `convert.md`.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| UD name | UD_Ottoman_Turkish-DUDU |
| Language | Ottoman Turkish (`ota`) |
| Family | Turkic |
| Treebank code | `ota_dudu` |
| UD page | [universaldependencies.org/treebanks/ota dudu/index.html](https://universaldependencies.org/treebanks/ota_dudu/index.html) |
| License | CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Genres | news, fiction, nonfiction, poetry, bible |
| Text in data | yes |
| Parallel | cairo bible |
| In UD since | UD v2.14 |
| Authors | Enes Yılandiloğlu |
| Contact | [enes.yilandiloglu@helsinki.fi](mailto:enes.yilandiloglu@helsinki.fi) |
| Development | in the UD repo (here) |

## Annotation layers

| Layer | Origin |
| --- | --- |
| Lemmas | manual native |
| UPOS | manual native |
| XPOS | manual native |
| Features | manual native |
| Relations | manual native |

UD scale: *manual native* — annotated by hand directly in UD; *converted from manual* — converted from manual annotation in another scheme; *converted with corrections* — converted and partly corrected by hand; *automatic with corrections* — automatic, with partial manual corrections; *automatic* — automatic; *not available* — the layer is absent.

## Size

| Split | Sentences | Tokens | Words | Multiword tokens | Empty nodes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| train | 1 117 | 10 626 | 10 845 | 217 | 0 |
| dev | 121 | 1 145 | 1 177 | 32 | 0 |
| test | 1 008 | 9 778 | 10 005 | 225 | 0 |
| **total** | 2 246 | 21 549 | 22 027 | 474 | 0 |

Tokens are surface tokens (Spanish `vámonos` is one), words are syntactic words (`vamos` + `nos`); multiword tokens are those split into several words; empty nodes are the `N.M` nodes of the enhanced graph.

## Summary

> An Ottoman Turkish dependency treebank annotated in UD style. Created by Enes Yılandiloğlu.

## Introduction

> This project comprises 2,246 sentences that are firstly automatically annotated via Machamp (Van der Goot et al., 2021). During the training phase, multiple modern Turkish UD treebanks were used. Subsequently, the sentences were manually corrected. The sentences were written between the 14th and 20th centuries in various genres such as fiction, news, articles, registry records, the New Testament (1819 edition), and religious preaching. Unfortunately, for this version, the genres can not be told apart by sentence ids.
> 
> In this treebank, [Ottoman Turkish transcription alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet) is used.

- [← previous UD_Ottoman_Turkish-BOUN](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/ota/boun/)
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