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- [papers.md](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/pt/cintil/papers/) — Papers: UD_Portuguese-CINTIL

# UD_Portuguese-CINTIL

Treebank card from UD release 2.18: metadata and texts come from `UD_Portuguese-CINTIL/README.md`; size is counted by streaming the `.conllu` files and checked against the release `stats.xml`. Generated by `tools/treebanks build`; do not edit by hand. Papers: [Papers: UD_Portuguese-CINTIL](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/pt/cintil/papers/); seeds: `seeds/`; converter: `convert.md`.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| UD name | UD_Portuguese-CINTIL |
| Language | Portuguese (`pt`) |
| Family | IE |
| Treebank code | `pt_cintil` |
| UD page | [universaldependencies.org/treebanks/pt cintil/index.html](https://universaldependencies.org/treebanks/pt_cintil/index.html) |
| License | CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 |
| Genres | news, fiction, nonfiction, grammar-examples |
| Text in data | yes |
| Parallel | no |
| In UD since | UD v2.11 |
| Authors | Mariana Avelãs; António Branco; Marisa Campos; Catarina Carvalheiro; Rita Carvalho; Sérgio Castro; Francisco Costa; Cláudia Martins; Rita Pereira; Sílvia Pereira; Clara Pinto; Andreia Querido; Joana Ramos; João Silva; Sara Silveira |
| Contact | [jrsilva@fc.ul.pt](mailto:jrsilva@fc.ul.pt) |
| Development | outside the UD repo (elsewhere): fixes go to the source or the converter |

## Annotation layers

| Layer | Origin |
| --- | --- |
| Lemmas | converted from manual |
| UPOS | converted from manual |
| XPOS | manual native |
| Features | converted from manual |
| Relations | converted from manual |

UD scale: *manual native* — annotated by hand directly in UD; *converted from manual* — converted from manual annotation in another scheme; *converted with corrections* — converted and partly corrected by hand; *automatic with corrections* — automatic, with partial manual corrections; *automatic* — automatic; *not available* — the layer is absent.

## Size

| Split | Sentences | Tokens | Words | Multiword tokens | Empty nodes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| train | 30 720 | 321 895 | 346 576 | 24 680 | 0 |
| dev | 3 840 | 43 908 | 46 986 | 3 077 | 0 |
| test | 3 840 | 76 188 | 82 298 | 6 108 | 0 |
| **total** | 38 400 | 441 991 | 475 860 | 33 865 | 0 |

Tokens are surface tokens (Spanish `vámonos` is one), words are syntactic words (`vamos` + `nos`); multiword tokens are those split into several words; empty nodes are the `N.M` nodes of the enhanced graph.

## Summary

> CINTIL-UDep is a dependency bank of Portuguese that is treebanked with Universal Dependencies. It contains over 38K annotated sentences (and 476K tokens), of mostly newspaper text.

## Introduction

> CINTIL-UDep is a dependency bank of Portuguese with 38,400 sentences (and nearly 476,000 tokens), that is treebanked with Universal Dependencies (UD).
> 
> CINTIL-UDep was obtained through the merger and automatic conversion to UD of two non-UD dependency banks, [CINTIL-DependencyBank](https://hdl.handle.net/21.11129/0000-000B-D31C-8) and [CINTIL DependencyBank PREMIUM](https://hdl.handle.net/21.11129/0000-000B-D378-0).
> 
> - CINTIL-DependencyBank was manually annotated with the support of the LXGram deep computational grammar (Costa and Branco, 2010). For each sentence, a parse forest is generated by the grammar with all possible grammatical analyses for that sentence. The human annotator is then tasked with picking the correct analysis from those in the forest. This method ensures precise and highly consistent analyses throughout the treebank.
> - CINTIL DependencyBank PREMIUM was created through a different process, though it adheres to the same guidelines as the previous treebank. In CINTIL DependencyBank PREMIUM, human annotators manually corrected the output of a statistical dependency parser. Since this treebank was initially annotated with a statistical parser, it contains sentences that instantiate linguistic phenomena that may not be present in the previous, grammar-based treebank, as computational grammars, albeit precise, have suboptimal coverage.
> 
> For more details, refer to (Branco *et al.*, 2022), the canonical reference given below.

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