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- [papers.md](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/si/appuwa/papers/) — Papers: UD_Sinhala-Appuwa

# UD_Sinhala-Appuwa

Treebank card from UD release 2.18: metadata and texts come from `UD_Sinhala-Appuwa/README.md`; size is counted by streaming the `.conllu` files and checked against the release `stats.xml`. Generated by `tools/treebanks build`; do not edit by hand. Papers: [Papers: UD_Sinhala-Appuwa](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/si/appuwa/papers/); seeds: `seeds/`; converter: `convert.md`.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| UD name | UD_Sinhala-Appuwa |
| Language | Sinhala (`si`) |
| Family | IE |
| Treebank code | `si_appuwa` |
| UD page | [universaldependencies.org/treebanks/si appuwa/index.html](https://universaldependencies.org/treebanks/si_appuwa/index.html) |
| License | CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Genres | fiction |
| Text in data | yes |
| Parallel | no |
| In UD since | UD v2.18 |
| Authors | Warangana Sammani; Luigi Talamo; Annemarie Verkerk |
| Contact | [luigi.talamo@uni-saarland.de](mailto:luigi.talamo@uni-saarland.de) |
| Development | in the UD repo (here) |

## Annotation layers

| Layer | Origin |
| --- | --- |
| Lemmas | manual native |
| UPOS | manual native |
| XPOS | not available |
| Features | manual native |
| Relations | manual native |

UD scale: *manual native* — annotated by hand directly in UD; *converted from manual* — converted from manual annotation in another scheme; *converted with corrections* — converted and partly corrected by hand; *automatic with corrections* — automatic, with partial manual corrections; *automatic* — automatic; *not available* — the layer is absent.

## Size

| Split | Sentences | Tokens | Words | Multiword tokens | Empty nodes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| test | 69 | 669 | 669 | 0 | 0 |
| **total** | 69 | 669 | 669 | 0 | 0 |

Tokens are surface tokens (Spanish `vámonos` is one), words are syntactic words (`vamos` + `nos`); multiword tokens are those split into several words; empty nodes are the `N.M` nodes of the enhanced graph. Splits train, dev are absent from the release.

## Summary

> This treebank contains a manually annotated Sinhala narrative based on the folk story "Appuwa", created as part of a project on treebank development for understudied languages within the Universal Dependencies framework.

## Introduction

> This treebank is based on the Sinhala folk story "Appuwa", a traditional narrative from Sri Lankan culture. The data was provided as text and annotated for linguistic analysis using the Universal Dependencies (UD) framework.
> 
> The treebank was developed within the context of the project "Treebanks for the cross-linguistic study of coercive discourse in understudied languages". The goal of this effort is to contribute linguistic resources for Sinhala, a relatively under-resourced language in computational linguistics.
> 
> All annotation was carried out manually using ArboratorGrew, following UD guidelines. The annotation includes tokenization, morphological features, and syntactic dependency relations. Validation was performed using the official UD validation tools.

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