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- [papers.md](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/zh/hk/papers/) — Papers: UD_Chinese-HK

# UD_Chinese-HK

Treebank card from UD release 2.18: metadata and texts come from `UD_Chinese-HK/README.md`; size is counted by streaming the `.conllu` files and checked against the release `stats.xml`. Generated by `tools/treebanks build`; do not edit by hand. Papers: [Papers: UD_Chinese-HK](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/zh/hk/papers/); seeds: `seeds/`; converter: `convert.md`.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| UD name | UD_Chinese-HK |
| Language | Chinese (`zh`) |
| Family | Sino-Tibetan |
| Treebank code | `zh_hk` |
| UD page | [universaldependencies.org/treebanks/zh hk/index.html](https://universaldependencies.org/treebanks/zh_hk/index.html) |
| License | CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Genres | spoken |
| Text in data | yes |
| Parallel | hk |
| In UD since | UD v2.1 |
| Authors | Kim Gerdes; John Lee; Herman Leung; Tak-sum Wong |
| Contact | [tswong-c@my.cityu.edu.hk](mailto:tswong-c@my.cityu.edu.hk); [jsylee@cityu.edu.hk](mailto:jsylee@cityu.edu.hk) |
| Development | outside the UD repo (elsewhere): fixes go to the source or the converter |
| Documentation status | partial |
| Data source | manual |

## Annotation layers

| Layer | Origin |
| --- | --- |
| Lemmas | automatic with corrections |
| UPOS | manual native |
| XPOS | not available |
| Features | manual native |
| Relations | manual native |

UD scale: *manual native* — annotated by hand directly in UD; *converted from manual* — converted from manual annotation in another scheme; *converted with corrections* — converted and partly corrected by hand; *automatic with corrections* — automatic, with partial manual corrections; *automatic* — automatic; *not available* — the layer is absent.

## Size

| Split | Sentences | Tokens | Words | Multiword tokens | Empty nodes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| test | 1 004 | 9 874 | 9 874 | 0 | 0 |
| **total** | 1 004 | 9 874 | 9 874 | 0 | 0 |

Tokens are surface tokens (Spanish `vámonos` is one), words are syntactic words (`vamos` + `nos`); multiword tokens are those split into several words; empty nodes are the `N.M` nodes of the enhanced graph. Splits train, dev are absent from the release.

## Summary

> A Traditional Chinese treebank of film subtitles and of legislative proceedings of Hong Kong, parallel with the Cantonese-HK treebank.

## Introduction

> The Chinese-HK UD treebank was manually annotated by Herman H. M. Leung and Tak-sum Wong at City University of Hong Kong, directly using the subtitles from three films shot by students from the School of Creative Media as well as part of the official record of proceedings of the section of the Election of President of the council meeting of the Legislative Council of the HKSAR of the P. R. China on 12th October, 2016 commencing at 2:13 p.m. The data are in Traditional Chinese. These trees form a parallel treebank with those in Cantonese-HK.
> 
> ORIGIN
> 
> #send_id = 1 to 410
> 
> - Title: Missing days / 小時光
> - Source: [youtube.com/watch?v=1qSMiw0vhzU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qSMiw0vhzU)
> - Duration: 30 minutes
> 
> #send_id = 411 to 547
> 
> - Title: Tempo in Temple / 廟眾樂樂
> - Source: [youtube.com/watch?v=8e8Lqd6grTE](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8e8Lqd6grTE)
> - Duration: 16 minutes
> 
> #send_id = 548 to 650
> 
> - Title: What day is today / 今日星期幾
> - Source: [youtube.com/watch?v=bBGwxIDiZ o](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBGwxIDiZ_o)
> - Duration: 31 minutes
> 
> #send_id = 651 to 1004
> 
> - Title: Election of President: The council meeting of the Legislative Council of HKSAR on 12th October, 2016(14:13:49 ~ 14:47:54) (part)
> - Source: [legco.gov.hk/yr16-17/chinese/counmtg/hansard/cm20161012-translate-c.pdf#nameddest=eop https://webcast.legco.gov.hk/public/zh-hk/SearchResult?MeetingID=M16100003](https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr16-17/chinese/counmtg/hansard/cm20161012-translate-c.pdf#nameddest=eop https://webcast.legco.gov.hk/public/zh-hk/SearchResult?MeetingID=M16100003)
> - Duration: 34 minutes 5 seconds
> 
> DATA
> 
> Since there are fewer than a myriad tokens, only the test set is provided.
> 
> BASIC STATISTICS
> 
> - Tree count: 1004
> - Word count: 9874
> - Token count: 9874
> - Dep. relations: 46 of which 15 language specific
> - POS tags: 16
> - Category=value feature pairs: 1
> 
> POS TAGGING
> 
> When determining the POS, one usually considers both the "morphological evidence", i.e., the linguistic form of the word, as well as the "distributional evidence", i.e., its syntactic use in the sentence. Usually, these two kinds of evidence should agree; in some cases, however, the POS of some word is tentatively alterned to fullfil the special purpose of the author.
> 
> Take an example in English, consider the word "pen" in the sentence "I pen a letter". Morphological evidence suggests the word "pen" should be tagged as an noun (NN), reflecting its normal usage. Distributional evidence suggests it should be tagged as a verb, since this word is in a typical syntactic position of verb in a SVO language.
> 
> When these two kinds of evidence contradict one another, the morphological evidence prevails.

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